两性离子乳化剂的合成及抗高温水包油钻井液研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 03:32

  本文选题：水包油乳化钻井液　切入点：抗高温　出处：《西南石油大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水包油乳化钻井液作为一种重要的低密度钻井液体系,对缝洞发育的碳酸盐岩低压油气层具有较好的防漏与储层保护效果,在现场应用较为广泛。随着深部地层勘探钻井技术需求的不断加大,对水包油乳化钻井液的抗温能力也提出了更高的要求。本文通过对抗高温乳化剂进行研究,优选得到了一种符合要求的水包油乳化钻井液体系。首先,探讨了磺基甜菜碱型两性离子乳化剂的制备方法。通过一步反应法合成了三种不同碳链长度的磺基甜菜碱型两性离子乳化剂,以单因素法确定了合成磺基甜菜碱的最优反应条件:1,3-丙磺酸内酯与N,N-二甲基烷基叔胺摩尔比1:1.1,反应温度65℃,反应时间3h,溶剂为异丙醇。在最优条件下,反应完成后叔胺转化率能保持在98%左右,产率为84.7%,以红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)表征了合成的产物即为目标结构。其次,对三种不同碳链长度磺基甜菜碱的水溶液进行了表面性能研究。结果表明200℃ 高温处理前后临界胶束浓度分别为 cmc(12C)=5.13×10-3mol/L,cmc(14C)=5.25×10-4mol/L,cmc(16C)=5.50×10-4mol/L,cmc(12C)'=6.31×10-3mol/L,cmc(14C)'=5.62×10-4mol/L,cmc(16C)'=7.24×10-4mol/L,cmc变化较小,说明合成的产物在经过高温环境后仍能保持一定的表面活性;不同磺基甜菜碱水溶液的动态界面张力在经过一段时间后会达到稳定的最低界面张力值,界面张力也会随碳链长度的增加而出现下降的趋势;不同磺基甜菜碱水溶液分别在2.0g/L(12C)、1.0g/L(14C)、3.0g/L(16C)时达到对液体石蜡的最佳乳化效果,其中十二烷基磺基甜菜碱对液体石蜡的乳化效果最佳;三种磺基甜菜碱起泡性能强弱顺序为14C12C16C,稳泡性能强弱顺序为14C16C12C。最后,分别对水包油乳状液和钻井液体系进行了相关配方筛选和优化,得到了优化的水包油乳化钻井液配方:2%膨润土浆+3%PF-SMP+4%SPNH+0.4%Dristemp+0.4%FA-367+3%Soltex+0.3%NaOH(水相体积)+1%十二烷基磺基甜菜碱+P135(质量比3:1)+0.2%有机硅消泡剂,水、0#柴油体积比5:5。该钻井液体系性能良好,抗温能力达到200℃,且具备一定的抗污染能力(20%水、20%油、2%盐、15%白云岩钻屑),能够满足深部地层钻井和地质的要求。
[Abstract]:As an important low density drilling fluid system, oil-in-water emulsified drilling fluid has a good leakage prevention and reservoir protection effect for carbonate rock low pressure oil and gas reservoirs developed by fracture and cavity. It is widely used in the field. With the increasing demand of drilling technology for deep formation exploration, higher requirements are put forward for the temperature resistance of oil-in-water emulsified drilling fluid. An oil-in-water emulsified drilling fluid system is obtained by optimal selection. First of all, The preparation method of sulfobetaine amphoteric ion emulsifier was studied. Three kinds of amphoteric emulsifiers with different carbon chain lengths were synthesized by one step reaction. The optimum reaction conditions for the synthesis of sulfobetaine were determined by single factor method. The molar ratio of 1: 1.1, reaction temperature 65 鈩，

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