中国典型城市黑臭水体光学特性分析及遥感识别模型研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 05:50

本文选题：黑臭水体　切入点：遥感反射率　出处：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着我国社会经济的快速发展,城市规模的日益膨胀,城市居民人口的快速增长,城市污水排放量急剧增加,导致城市黑臭水体大面积出现。城市河流黑臭问题目前已经成为我国许多大中城市突出的环境问题。与黑臭水体常规地面监测手段相比,遥感技术获得的监测信息具有时间和空间上的相对连续性,动态范围大,不仅有助于从区域层面把握黑臭水体特征,而且有利于及时、全面掌握黑臭水体的发生、发展与演变迁移过程,因此可节省大量人力、物力和时间花费。以卫星遥感为主要手段的天地一体化黑臭水体遥感识别研究具有重要意义。本文以北京、长春和沈阳三个典型北方城市,杭州、无锡和常州三个典型南方城市黑臭水体区域为试验区,经过多次野外水体综合试验,获取了黑臭水体水质参数、表观光学量和固有光学量等数据,并构建了我国典型城市黑臭水体光学特性数据库,基于这些数据开展了三个方面的研究工作:黑臭水体水质参数特性分析、表观光学特性分析和固有光学特性分析,并提出了两种基于实测遥感反射率的黑臭水体识别模型。本文主要取得的研究成果是:(1)分别分析了重度黑臭、轻度黑臭和一般水体固有光学量、表观光学量和水质参数特性,为识别模型构建奠定了基础;(2)基于实测遥感反射率首次建立了分类决策树,先划分了重度、轻度和一般水体三个大类,进一步将重度黑臭和轻度黑臭按照光谱特征细分为多个类别;(3)提出一种基于实测遥感反射率的黑臭水体识别方法—饱和度法,选取合适阈值进行黑臭识别,并对结果进行精度验证,结果表明,该方法可以有效地识别研究区域黑臭水体和一般水体;(4)提出一种基于实测遥感反射率的黑臭水体识别方法—光谱指数法,选取合适阈值进行黑臭识别,并对结果进行精度验证,该方法可以有效地识别研究区域黑臭水体、轻度黑臭水体和一般水体;(5)改善了《城市黑臭水体整治工作指南》中重度、轻度黑臭和一般水体的DO、ORP、NH3-N和透明度判别指标。论文的研究成果是基于国内外内陆水体水色遥感已有相关研究基础,推广至黑臭水体上,为国家有效监管黑臭水体提供技术支持。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of our country's social economy, the increasing expansion of urban scale, the rapid growth of urban population, and the rapid increase of urban sewage discharge, The problem of black-smelling water in urban rivers has become a prominent environmental problem in many large and medium-sized cities in China. Compared with the conventional ground monitoring methods of black-smelly water bodies, The monitoring information obtained by remote sensing technology has relative continuity in time and space, and has a large dynamic range. It is not only helpful to grasp the characteristics of black-smelly water bodies at the regional level, but also helpful to grasp the occurrence of black-smelly water bodies in a timely and comprehensive manner. Development and evolution of migration process, so can save a lot of manpower, material resources and time spent. Satellite remote sensing as the main means of remote sensing recognition of black and smelly water body in the world is of great significance. The three typical northern cities of Changchun and Shenyang, Hangzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou are three typical southern cities, the black-smelly water body area is the experimental area. After many field water body comprehensive tests, the water quality parameters of the black-smelly water body are obtained. Based on the data of sightseeing quantity and intrinsic optical quantity, the optical characteristic database of black-smelly water in typical cities of China is constructed. Based on these data, three aspects of research work are carried out: the analysis of the characteristics of water quality parameters of black-smelly water. Two recognition models of black-smelly water body based on the measured remote sensing reflectance are proposed. The main research results in this paper are: (1) the analysis of heavy black-smelly water body. Light black-smelly and general water body intrinsic optical quantity, apparent sightseeing quantity and water quality parameter characteristic have laid the foundation for the identification model construction. (2) based on the measured remote sensing reflectance, the classification decision tree has been established for the first time, and the heavy degree has been divided first. This paper proposes a method of black and odorous water body recognition based on measured remote sensing reflectance, which is called saturation method, which is based on light and general water body, which is further subdivided into several categories according to spectral characteristics. The appropriate threshold value is selected for black and odour recognition, and the accuracy of the result is verified. The results show that, This method can effectively identify the black-smelly water body and the general water body in the study area. (4) A method of black-smelly water body recognition based on the measured remote sensing reflectance, the spectral index method, is proposed. The appropriate threshold value is selected for the black-odor recognition, and the accuracy of the result is verified. This method can effectively identify the black-smelly water body in the study area. The light black-smelly water body and the general water body are improved. The research results of this paper are based on the relative research foundation of remote sensing of water color in inland water body at home and abroad, which is extended to black-smelly water body and provides technical support for the national supervision of black-smelly water body.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X87;X52

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