金丝小枣小分子糖对肠道微生态的影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 13:19

  本文选题：金丝小枣　切入点：小分子糖　出处：《天津农学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：金丝小枣在我国的栽培历史悠久,经常被作食疗佳品,金丝小枣营养成分丰富,如黄酮类化合物、糖类、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)等活性物质,具有降血脂、抗焦虑、抗炎、增强免疫力等多种药理功效,开发前景十分广阔。但是目前对枣的加工主要以干制产品为主,加工的方式非常的单一,并且对金丝小枣枣果的要求非常的高,一些开口有裂的枣果往往成为废品,由于环境因素的影响,枣栽培户往往会遭受巨大的经济损失。近年来许多研究表明枣中的活性物质可以改善肠道健康,这一研究对金丝小枣的深加工尤为重要。本文以新鲜乐陵金丝小枣为研究对象,利用水提醇沉的方法提取枣小分子糖,并通过发酵的处理手段得到发酵小分子糖,经过体外实验和体内实验两方面验证枣小分子糖对肠道菌群的影响,以期为探究枣保健食品的开发应用提供理论依据。本论文主要内容如下:1、通过正交实验来确定小分子糖提取的最佳水提料液比为1:4,水提时间为3h,水提取温度为80℃。通过对发酵条件的优化,确定了最佳酵母添加量为1%。通过膜过滤和过DEAE完成了对枣小分子糖(LMS)和发酵枣小分子糖(FLMS)的纯化,并运用HPLC检测枣中小分子糖的种类及含量以及发酵对枣中小分子糖含量的影响。FLMS与LMS相比,葡萄糖以及果糖混合物的含量减少了2.98%,蔗糖的含量减少了11.4%,蔗果三糖含量的增加了24.6%。2、金丝小枣小分子糖对三种细菌体外生长的影响,将FLMS、LMS按不同添加量添加到基础培养基,在最佳观测时间测定OD值,结果表明一定剂量的FLMS、LMS对双歧杆菌的生长有促进作用(P0.05),对大肠杆菌的的生长有抑制作用(P0.05),对乳杆菌的生长没有显著的影响。3、金丝小枣小分子糖对小鼠肠道菌群的影响,实验组小鼠采用不同剂量的枣小分子糖溶液灌胃,灌胃剂量分别为:未发酵小分子糖高剂量组(WG)1.5g/(kg·d)、未发酵小分子糖中剂量组(WZ)1.0g/(kg·d)、未发酵小分子糖低剂量组(WD)0.5g/(kg·d)、发酵小分子糖高剂量组(FG)1.5g/(kg·d)、发酵小分子糖中剂量组(FZ)1.0g/(kg·d)、发酵小分子糖低剂量组(FD)0.5g/(kg·d)。正常对照组(CN)灌胃等体积的蒸馏水,连续灌胃14d,末次灌胃后收集小鼠的粪便,于-80℃冰箱中保存待检。结果表明发酵前后枣小分子糖使小鼠肠道中大肠杆菌数量与正常对照组相比极显著减少(P0.01),发酵后小分子糖组对大肠杆菌抑制效果比未发酵小分子糖组效果明显,FZ剂量组抑制效果最好;发酵前后小分子糖均能使双歧杆菌数量增加,未发小分子糖低剂量组促进效果最佳。枣小分子糖对小鼠肠道中的双歧杆菌生长有促进作用,对大肠杆菌的生长有抑制作用,对乳杆菌的生长没有达到显著的影响。4、对小鼠肠道菌群丰度与多样性分析,0-14d小鼠的体重变化不明显,说明各实验组灌胃剂量对小鼠体重变化影响不大。与CN组相比,WD、FG、FD组小鼠在灌胃14d后,盲肠的尺寸明显变大,盲肠总重显著增加(P0.05);WG小鼠盲肠的壁重显著的高于CN组(P0.05),其他各实验组小鼠盲肠的壁重与CN组相比较没有显著差异(P0.05);与CN组相比,FG组小鼠结肠总重显著的增加(P0.05),FG组小鼠的结肠壁重显著高于CN组(P0.05)。各处理组的OTU数量极显著高于CN组,并且FG、FZ、WG三组OTU数量最多,说明通过灌胃一定剂量的小分子糖能够改变小鼠肠道微生物的丰富度,有助于肠道健康。
[Abstract]:Jujube cultivation in China's long history, often make the best diet, jujube is rich in nutrients, such as flavonoids, saccharides, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and other active substances, with lowering blood pressure, anti anxiety, anti inflammation, enhance immunity and other pharmacological effects, the development prospect is very broad. But at present processing the jujube mainly dried products, processing way was very simple, and the Jinsixiaozao jujube fruit demand is very high, some opening is often a waste of jujube fruit cracking, due to environmental factors, jujube cultivation households tend to suffer huge economic losses. In recent years, many studies have shown that the active substance jujube can improve intestinal health, the study on the deep processing of Jinsixiaozao is particularly important. In this paper, the fresh Leling jujube as the research object, extraction and alcohol precipitation method to extract jujube small molecular sugar and use of water. A processing method of fermentation fermentation with small molecular sugar, after two in vitro and in vivo experiments of jujube small molecular sugar effect on intestinal flora, so as to provide theoretical basis for the development of the exploration of the application of jujube health food. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: 1, through the orthogonal experiment to determine the best small molecular sugar water the extraction of material liquid ratio 1:4, extraction time 3h, extraction temperature of 80 degrees. Through the optimization of fermentation conditions, the optimum amount of yeast by membrane filtration for 1%. and DEAE completed the jujube small molecular sugar (LMS) and fermented small molecular sugar (FLMS). Purification, and using HPLC to detect the jujube sugar content and types of small molecules and fermentation effects on jujube small molecular sugar content of.FLMS compared with LMS, the content of glucose and fructose mixture decreased 2.98%, sucrose content decreased by 11.4%, three sugar cane fruit content increased by 2 4.6%.2,閲戜笣灏忔灒灏忓垎瀛愮硸瀵逛笁绉嶇粏鑿屼綋澶栫敓闀跨殑褰卞搷,灏咶LMS,LMS鎸変笉鍚屾坊鍔犻噺娣诲姞鍒板熀纭，

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