修井机井架承载能力实时监控技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 08:53

  本文选题：修井机井架　切入点：承载能力　出处：《西南石油大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在役修井机井架所处环境恶劣,时刻面临磨损、腐蚀、载荷突然增加等问题,其承载性能难免随着井架使用的增多而下降;井架承载能力的周期检评方式实时性较差,不能对承载不足的井架进行及时预警与控制,为了保障现场修井作业人员与修井作业设备的安全,避免不必要的事故及经济损失,进行修井机井架承载能力实时检测与钩载监控技术的研究已经刻不容缓。针对现有井架承载能力检评与钩载监控技术存在的问题,结合近些年来测试技术、计算机技术和网络传输技术的发展,将井架承载能力自动检评与钩载监控技术联系起来已成为可能。以井架强度理论为基础,通过分析井架承载能力与钩载现有检测与计算方法,提出了以计算机为核心,单片机采集应变数据并借助无线WIFI技术进行传输、采用ABS技术进行钩载控制的一体化技术方案,以期延长井架现有承载性能、降低生产成本,提高修井作业的效率和安全性。在井架上进行传统贴片操作精度低、速度慢、风险大,采用事先将应变片贴在刚度比被测构件小很多的低弹性模量测量部件上然后再用螺栓粘贴在井架大腿上的方法,设计了可重复使用的应变传感器。从理论上分析了应变传感器的精度与测量范围,通过在同一构件上进行应变测试对比实验,验证了所设计的应变传感器在精度、线性度、重复性等方面的性能,认为所设计的应变传感器满足井架应变测试的要求。围绕拟定的设计方案,以计算机为核心,采用最新技术设计了井架承载能力检测与钩载监控的整套硬件系统,构建了无线WIFI数据传输网络。依据应变信号的特点,以单片机为核心设计了无线节点电路,包括自平衡电桥、放大滤波与电压跟随电路、单片机接口及无线数据收发电路。利用编程软件编写了相应单片机与计算机监控软件。室内模拟实验验证了所研技术的先进性。其主要特色体现在:(1)集井架承载能力检评与钩载监控技术于一体,在计算机的协调下自动完成井架承载能力检评与钩载监控任务。(2)不停工提供井架实际承载能力,控制井架荷重在承载能力范围内或直接禁止不符合使用标准的井架进行工作,技术上可以取代井架承载能力的周期检评过程。(3)应变测试采用无线检测技术方案,井架荷重测试与井架超载控制采用通用有线监控方案。应变测试采用无线传输技术,可减少有线方案实施工程中大量的运输、高空接线、调试等工作,有利于提高应变检测的安全性与经济性;井架荷重检测与超载控制采用通用有线监控方案,可节约测控成本,提高测控技术的可靠性。(4)计算机在完成数据拾取、计算处理、设备监控任务的同时,利用INTEL网络可为设备管理部门和人员及时提供井架承载情况及状态信息,存储的过程数据便于进行历史数据分析,有利于管理人员进行科学决策。(5)采用ABS控制技术进行刹车可减轻井架冲击载荷,延长井架承载能力。
[Abstract]:In service rig of bad environment, always face wear, corrosion, load suddenly increases and other issues, the bearing capacity will decline with increasing use of the derrick; periodic inspection derrick bearing capacity assessment, poor real-time, can not be timely warning and control of bearing of derrick, in order to protect the safety of field repair well workover operations personnel and equipment, to avoid unnecessary accidents and economic loss of workover rig load bearing monitoring technology of real-time detection and hook ability is urgent. The existing derrick capacity assessment and hook load monitoring technology in recent years, with the development of computer technology and testing technology. Network transmission technology, the carrying capacity of derrick automatic assessment linked hook load monitoring technology has become possible. The strength of derrick theory as the foundation, through the analysis of derrick The existing methods of measurement and calculation of load bearing capacity and the hook, put forward to the single-chip computer as the core, and with the help of WIFI wireless strain data transmission technology, the integration of technology solutions for hook load control using ABS technology, in order to extend the existing derrick bearing capacity, reduce production cost, improve the efficiency and safety of workover operation in the traditional patch on the derrick. Operation of low precision, slow speed, high risk, the prior strain sheet attached to the stiffness ratio of the measured low elastic modulus measurement component component on the much smaller then paste in the bolt on the thigh well frame design method, the strain sensor can be used repeatedly. From the theoretical analysis the precision and measurement range of strain sensor, through the comparison of experimental strain test in the same component, verify the strain sensor design in precision, linearity, repeatability and other aspects of 鑳，

本文编号：1667192