生物腐植酸的制备及其应用

发布时间：2018-03-30 23:20

本文选题：食用菌菌糠　切入点：堆肥发酵　出处：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：腐植酸是动植物残体经过腐解和转化,形成的一类高分子有机物,广泛存在于风化煤、褐煤以及泥炭中,土壤、堆肥、造纸废液、酒精废液、河泥、塘泥中也含有腐植酸。腐植酸作为一种重要的有机质,能够改善土壤的理化性状。研究表明腐植酸类物质的施用能够提高土壤的肥力,提供给植物较为全面的营养元素。同时腐植酸能增强土壤中微生物的活性,增加土壤微生物的总量以及有益微生物的数量。此外,腐植酸在修复土壤重金属以及有毒有机物污染方面发挥着重要的作用。食用菌菌糠是指利用秸秆木屑等原料进行食用菌代料栽培,收获后剩余的培养基废料。菌糠含有丰富的菌体蛋白以及代谢产物,还有许多未被利用的营养物质,并含有大量的、多种类的微生物菌群。食用菌的酶解作用产生多种糖类、酶、有机酸类以及生物活性物质。此外,菌糠中钙、铁、锌、镁等微量元素的含量也很丰富。我国食用菌产业发展迅速,随着食用菌产业的发展,每年产生大量的菌糠。传统处理菌糠的方法是燃烧或者丢弃,不仅造成了大量的资源浪费,同时造成了环境污染。利用菌糠通过堆肥发酵制取生物腐植酸,可以将有机废物转变为易于处理的物料,既减少了环境污染,同时又创造出具有较高价值的生物腐植酸产品。本研究以食用菌菌糠为原料,通过堆肥发酵,制取生物腐植酸。实验做接菌剂和不接菌剂(对照)2个堆肥处理,每个处理3次重复,堆肥持续时间为36天。测定堆肥过程中的腐熟度指标以及腐植酸含量的变化规律。实验结果表明:接种生物菌剂可以加快堆体的升温速度、提高堆肥温度并延长高温期;堆体pH值呈先上升后下降的趋势;堆体的含水率、总有机碳含量及碳氮比均呈下降趋势,且接菌剂处理的下降速度快于对照处理;堆体的总氮含量呈先下降后上升趋势;种子发芽指数呈不断上升趋势。堆肥结束时,接菌剂处理的含水率、总有机碳含量及碳氮比均显著低于对照,总氮含量及种子发芽指数均显著高于对照。总腐植酸含量呈先下降后上升的趋势,游离腐植酸含量呈先上升再下降后上升的趋势,水溶性腐植酸含量一直上升直到堆肥结束,黄腐酸的含量呈先上升后下降的趋势。堆肥结束后,接菌剂处理的各种腐植酸含量均显著高于对照。结果表明接种生物菌剂加快了堆肥进程,有利于有机质的分解与腐植酸的生成。通过碱溶酸析法从接菌剂处理的菌糠堆肥样品中提取生物腐植酸,通过盆栽实验,研究了不同浓度生物腐植酸(1g/kg、2g/kg、4g/kg)对镉胁迫下油菜生长、叶片叶绿素含量及抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果表明:施镉量10mg/kg对油菜产生了显著的毒害作用,施加生物腐植酸能增加镉胁迫下油菜的株高和根长,并能提高油菜的湿重和干重,增加油菜叶片叶绿素含量,以及叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,减轻镉胁迫对油菜的伤害。当生物腐植酸施加浓度为2g/kg时,可有效地缓解镉胁迫对油菜的伤害,而高浓度的生物腐植酸对镉胁迫的缓解作用减弱。
[Abstract]:Humic acid is animal and plant residues after decomposition and transformation, a kind of high polymer organic form, widely exists in weathered coal, lignite and peat, soil, compost, waste liquor, alcohol wastewater, river, pond sludge also contains humic acid. Humic acid is an important organic, can improve the soil physical and chemical properties the research shows that the humic substance fertilizer can improve soil fertility, provide nutrients to plants comprehensively. At the same time humic acid can enhance the soil microbial activity, soil microbial quantity and increase the amount of beneficial microorganisms. In addition, humic acid plays an important role in the remediation of soil heavy metals and toxic organic pollutants. Edible fungus chaff refers to the use of straw sawdust and other raw materials of edible fungi cultivation, culture medium waste remaining after harvest. The fungus bran contains rich protein and bacteria There are many metabolites, unused nutrients, and contains a large number of the various types of microorganisms. Edible fungi enzymolysis produces a variety of sugars, enzymes, organic acids and bioactive substances. In addition, WMLE in calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium and other trace elements content is very rich. The edible mushroom industry in our country has developed rapidly, with the development of mushroom industry, a large number of WMLE produced each year. The traditional processing method of mushroom bran is burned or discarded, not only a waste of resources, also caused the pollution of the environment. The use of mushroom bran by composting fermentation to produce bio humic acid, organic waste can be transformed into easy to handle material, not only reduce the environmental pollution, but also create a high value of the products. In this study, the biological humic acid mushroom bran as raw material, through composting, humic acid to produce bio inoculum and experiment. No inoculum (control) 2 composting, each treatment was repeated 3 times, composting duration was 36 days. The changes of determination during composting maturity indexes and humic acid content. The experimental results show that microbial inoculation can accelerate the composting temperature rise speed, improve the compost temperature and prolong the period of high temperature reactor; the pH value increased first and then decreased; water pile rate, total organic carbon content and carbon nitrogen ratio were decreased, and the inoculum treatment decreased faster than CK; the total nitrogen content of pile decreased first and then increased; seed germination index showed a rising trend. At the end, the water treatment rate of bacteria, total organic carbon content and carbon nitrogen ratio were significantly lower than the control, the total nitrogen content and seed germination index were significantly higher than the control. The total humic acid content decreased first and then increased, the content of phytic acid free rot was first The rise and decline after rising trend, up until the end of the compost humic acid water soluble fulvic acid content was first increased and then decreased. After composting, the various humic acid agent treatment were significantly higher than the control. The results showed that microbial inoculation accelerated the composting process, is conducive to organic matter the decomposition and humic acid formation. By alkali extraction and acid precipitation method to extract bio humic acid from WMLE compost inoculum treatment, through pot experiment, the effects of different concentrations of humic acid (1g/kg, 2g/kg, 4g/kg) on the growth of rape under cadmium stress, the chlorophyll content and antioxidant system. The results showed that fertilizer the cadmium content of 10mg/kg resulted in toxic effect on rape, applying biological humic acid can increase under cadmium stress in plant height and root length, and can improve the wet weight and dry weight of leaves, increased leaf Chlorophyll content and leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) activity, reduce the cadmium stress on rape damage. When applying the biological humic acid concentration is 2g/kg, which can effectively alleviate the cadmium stress on rape injury, while high concentration of humic acid cadmium stress relieving effect weakened.

【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O636.9

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