基于LCA的农产品碳足迹评价及碳标签评测方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 18:05

本文选题：碳足迹　切入点：LCA　出处：《太原理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：农业活动产生的温室气体已成为全球温室气体的主要来源之一,本文通过探究适合于我国农业生产条件的农产品碳足迹评估方法和碳标签评测制度,以期为我国碳足迹评价标准化、碳标签评测体系建立及低碳农业发展提供技术和理论支撑。本研究的主要内容和结论如下:1.利用生命周期评价(LCA)方法评估农产品碳足迹时,先对农产品进行分类,根据不同的评估要求选择相应的功能单位和系统边界,再分析不同类别的农产品的碳源和碳汇,根据碳源、碳汇量的计算方法求出农产品的碳足迹;通过LCA方法评估碳足迹可以清楚地得出产品生产各个环节的温室气体排放,分析对比找出农产品生产高碳环节和高碳来源,有针对性的实行减排。相比于国外的一些计算方法,本研究力求寻找更适合我国生产条件和环境要素的计算方法及参数,因此选取的参数主要采用我国的一些数据和研究成果;2.利用LCA方法评估北京市金叵罗村小米产品碳足迹,并使用HTML语言,利用Java Script框架(j Query)及Echart图表插件设计了简易的小米碳足迹计算工具,得到了整个生产过程不同生产环节的温室气体排放,其中小米产品生产过程中的温室气体排放量为513.75 kg CO_2eq?亩~(-1),主要来自于施肥环节,占到总排放的97.53%,播种、收割、翻耕过程的碳排放量相接近;三种温室气体中,N2O的排放量最大,为448.57 kg CO_2eq?亩~(-1),占总排放的87.31%;施肥过程中温室气体主要由施用有机粪肥产生,占施肥过程总排放的91.62%;而在直接和间接排放中,直接排放的贡献率最大,为N2O总排放的70.18%;农田土壤的碳汇量为432.19 kg CO_2eq?亩~(-1),计入土壤碳汇量后,不同功能单位下整个系统的碳足迹分别为81.56 kg CO_2eq?亩~(-1)、0.81kg CO_2eq?kg~(-1)、15.68 kg CO_2eq?千元~(-1);3.案例表明尽管由于农田施用有机肥且采取秸秆还田方式,使得农产品生产过程碳排放量增大,但是农田管理方式的这些改变增加了土壤的碳汇,降低了整个小米生产系统的碳足迹。从另一个角度来看,农田使用有机肥料并采取秸秆还田的方式,不仅减少了合成肥料的使用,减轻了化肥生产对环境的危害,还“变废为宝”,实现了粪肥、秸秆等废弃物资源的有效利用;4.应对日益激烈的国际竞争及可能出台的有关碳标签贸易进出口政策,建立我国碳标签评测体系是应对国际低碳经济竞争的必然选择。面对这样的国际形势,我国需要出台有关碳标识体系的政策、制定碳足迹的国家标准、完善碳足迹计算数据库、授权有资质的审核和认证机构进行农产品碳标签评测、先从试点开始再逐渐发展到全国范围、增强社会宣传、提高公众意识。
[Abstract]:Greenhouse gases produced by agricultural activities have become one of the main sources of global greenhouse gases. This paper explores the carbon footprint assessment method and carbon labelling evaluation system of agricultural products suitable for agricultural production conditions in China.The aim is to provide technical and theoretical support for the standardization of carbon footprint evaluation, the establishment of carbon label evaluation system and the development of low-carbon agriculture.The main contents and conclusions of this study are as follows: 1.When evaluating the carbon footprint of agricultural products by life cycle assessment (LCA) method, the agricultural products were classified, and the corresponding functional units and system boundaries were selected according to different assessment requirements, and then the carbon sources and sinks of different types of agricultural products were analyzed.According to the calculation method of carbon source and carbon sink, the carbon footprint of agricultural products can be calculated; the greenhouse gas emissions of each link of product production can be clearly obtained by assessing carbon footprint by LCA method, and the high carbon link and high carbon source of agricultural product production can be found through analysis and comparison.A targeted implementation of emission reduction.Compared with some calculation methods in foreign countries, this study seeks to find more suitable calculation methods and parameters for the production conditions and environmental factors in China, so the selected parameters are mainly based on some data and research results of our country.The LCA method is used to evaluate the carbon footprint of Xiaomi products in Jinwuluo Village, Beijing, and a simple tool for calculating Xiaomi carbon footprint is designed by using Java Script framework and Echart diagram plug-in, using HTML language.The greenhouse gas emissions of different production links in the whole production process were obtained, in which the greenhouse gas emissions in the production process of millet products were 513.75 kg CO2eq?In the fertilization process, greenhouse gases are mainly produced by the application of organic manure, accounting for 91.62% of the total emissions during the fertilization process, while direct and indirect emissions contribute the most to the direct and indirect emissions.The carbon sink of farmland soil is 432.19 kg CO2eq?The carbon footprint of the whole system under different functional units is 81.56 kg / kg CO2eq. after the amount of soil carbon sink is taken into account, the carbon footprint of the whole system is 81.56 kg / mu.A total of 0.81kg of CO _ 2eq ~ (-1) / mu / mu / mu / mu / mu / kg / kg / kg / kg / kg / kg / kg / kg / kg CO2eq?A thousand dollars.The case shows that although the carbon emissions from the agricultural production process are increased due to the application of organic manure and straw returning to the field, these changes in the management of farmland increase the carbon sink of the soil.Reduced the entire millet production system carbon footprint.From another point of view, the use of organic fertilizer in farmland and the application of straw to the field not only reduce the use of synthetic fertilizer, lighten the harm of chemical fertilizer production to the environment, but also "turn waste into treasure" and realize manure.The effective utilization of straw and other waste resources.To deal with the increasingly fierce international competition and the possible import and export policies on carbon label trade, it is an inevitable choice to set up our country's carbon label evaluation system to cope with the international low carbon economy competition.In the face of such an international situation, China needs to issue policies on the carbon labeling system, formulate national standards for carbon footprint, improve the carbon footprint calculation database, and authorize qualified auditing and certification bodies to conduct carbon labelling evaluation of agricultural products.Start from the pilot and then gradually develop to the national scope, enhance social publicity, improve public awareness.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X82

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