岩性因素及沥青性质对油砂热碱水分离效率的影响

发布时间：2018-04-08 08:47

本文选题：油砂沥青　切入点：热碱水分离　出处：《中国科学院大学(中国科学院广州地球化学研究所)》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：油砂是一种重要的非常规油气资源。开采利用油砂资源以及实现油砂的大规模工业化生产对于缓解我国能源供给紧张的局面有非常重要的意义。油砂资源利用的关键问题是沥青的回收。油砂沥青的回收方法有很多种,目前针对水润性油砂分离最常用的是热碱水分离法,其回收率受很多因素的影响,包括温度、pH值、通气量、添加助剂等外部因素和岩性及沥青性质等内部因素。对于油砂热碱水萃取分离的外部影响因素的研究已经取得了一定的认识,然而,关于内部影响因素的研究则鲜见报道。本研究将中国油砂资源状况和加拿大油砂资源进行了对比,并对中国不同地区油砂的地球化学特征进行了分析。研究发现中国油砂资源在分布特征、油砂含油率、油砂固体矿物组成上与加拿大相比有很大的差异。中国不同地区油砂固体矿物组成比较复杂,粘土矿物的含量较高,且不同地区油砂沥青油的族组成也有很大的差别,尤其是沥青质的含量差别很大。本论文在油砂中沥青与矿物作用机理及分离过程中制约因素研究的基础上,进一步研究岩性因素和沥青性质对油砂热碱水分离效果的影响。通过控制变量法和一系列的室内正交及配伍实验,定量研究了油砂中矿物的种类、粒度、矿物含量的差异以及沥青性质对油砂热碱水分离法分离效果的影响。通过老化实验研究发现,沥青老化室内模拟实验的合理老化时间在20 d左右,而且油砂润湿性严重影响油砂热碱水分离效率。相对于油润性油砂,水润性的油砂更适合采用热碱水分离技术。实验结果为后期研究岩性因素以及沥青性质对沥青回收率的影响优选了实验条件。本论文研究结果显示,对于水润性油砂,油砂矿的岩性特征会对油砂热碱水的分离效率产生一定的影响。油砂固体矿物中,矿物颗粒粒径大小的差异、矿物成分的差异、矿物含量的差异都会影响沥青的回收率。油砂固体矿物颗粒粒径越小,沥青的浮选效果越差,油砂沥青开采的工业价值也随之降低。当油砂矿中存在大量粒径小于44μm的矿物颗粒时,沥青的浮选效果很差。油砂固体矿物中粘土矿物的类型发生变化,沥青的回收率也会受到影响,不同粘土矿物成分对油砂分离效率的影响不同。另外,粘土矿物的含量越高,油砂沥青的回收率越低;当粘土矿物的含量大于15%时,油砂热碱水分离的效率会明显降低。蒙脱石、伊利石、绿泥石三种粘土矿物中,蒙脱石含量的变化对油砂热碱水分离效率的影响最为显著。油砂沥青油中沥青质的含量也会影响浮选沥青的回收率,沥青质的含量越高,浮选沥青的含量越低。在对中国各地区典型油砂样品的岩性特征和沥青性质研究的基础上,本论文研究成果可以为我国以后油砂资源的开采利用提供理论基础和技术储备。
[Abstract]:Oil sand is an important unconventional oil and gas resource.Exploitation and utilization of oil sand resources and realization of large-scale industrialized production of oil sands are of great significance for alleviating the shortage of energy supply in China.The key problem of oil sand resource utilization is the recovery of asphalt.There are many kinds of recovery methods for oil sand bitumen. At present, the most commonly used method for oil sand separation is hot alkali water separation. The recovery rate is affected by many factors, including temperature and pH value, aeration volume, etc.The addition of additives and other external factors and lithology and asphalt properties and other internal factors.Some knowledge has been made on the external factors affecting the extraction and separation of oil sands from hot alkali water. However, there are few reports on the internal influencing factors.In this study, the oil sand resources in China and Canada are compared, and the geochemical characteristics of oil sands in different regions of China are analyzed.It is found that the distribution characteristics, oil content and solid mineral composition of oil sands in China are different from those in Canada.The composition of oil sand solid minerals in different regions of China is quite complex, and the content of clay minerals is relatively high, and the group composition of oil sand asphalt oil is also very different in different regions, especially the content of asphaltene.Based on the study of the mechanism of bitumen and mineral interaction in oil sands and the restrictive factors in the separation process, the effects of lithologic factors and asphalt properties on the thermal alkali water separation of oil sands are further studied in this paper.By means of variable control method and a series of laboratory orthogonal and compatibility experiments, the effects of mineral types, particle size, mineral content and asphalt properties on the separation of oil sands by alkali water separation were studied quantitatively.It is found that the reasonable aging time of asphalt aging laboratory is about 20 days, and the wettability of oil sand seriously affects the efficiency of thermal alkali water separation of oil sand.Compared with the oil sand, the oil sand with water moisturization is more suitable for the separation of hot alkali and water.The experimental results show that the experimental conditions are optimized for the later study of lithologic factors and the effect of asphalt properties on asphalt recovery.The results of this paper show that the lithologic characteristics of oil sands have a certain influence on the separation efficiency of thermal alkali water for oil sands.The difference of particle size, mineral composition and mineral content will affect the recovery rate of bitumen.The smaller the particle size of oil sand, the worse the flotation effect of asphalt, and the lower the industrial value of oil sand asphalt mining.When a large number of mineral particles with diameter less than 44 渭 m exist in oil sands, the flotation effect of asphalt is very poor.The types of clay minerals in oil sands change and the recovery rate of bitumen is affected. Different clay minerals have different effects on the separation efficiency of oil sands.In addition, the higher the content of clay minerals, the lower the recovery of oil sand asphalt, and when the content of clay mineral is more than 15, the efficiency of thermal alkali water separation of oil sand will be obviously reduced.Among the three clay minerals, montmorillonite, Illite and chlorite, the change of montmorillonite content has the most significant effect on the thermal alkali water separation efficiency of oil sands.The content of asphaltene in oil sand asphalt oil will also affect the recovery of flotation asphalt. The higher the content of asphaltene is, the lower the content of flotation asphalt is.Based on the study of the lithologic characteristics and asphalt properties of typical oil sand samples in various regions of China, the research results in this paper can provide a theoretical basis and technical reserve for the exploitation and utilization of oil sand resources in China.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院大学(中国科学院广州地球化学研究所)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE62

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