硬质PVC阻燃抑烟片材的研制与生产

发布时间：2018-04-11 18:30

本文选题：PVC + 抑烟剂　；参考：《湖北工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：聚氯乙烯(PVC)作为第二大通用材料,因其价格低廉、性能优异,被广泛运用于电线电缆、建筑材料、装饰板和穿墙管等多个方面。但是PVC在燃烧的过程中会分解释放出大量黑烟以及很多种有毒、腐蚀性气体,使得人在发生火情时窒息而死。因此PVC的阻燃抑烟性能的研究是目前亟待解决的问题。本文通过采用熔融共混法制备PVC/钼化合物/磷化合物三者复合材料,研究分析钼化合物/磷化合物不同配比对PVC抑烟性能的影响,探讨钼系化合物和磷系化合物在PVC阻燃抑盐方面是否有协同作用。以聚磷酸铵(APP)为阻燃剂,八钼酸铵(AOM)为抑烟剂,结合拉伸、冲击、烟密度、极限氧指数、微型量热仪测试手段,研究其对PVC的燃烧特性的影响。研究结果表明:APP单独使用对PVC没有抑烟的功能;AOM单独使用对PVC有抑烟的功能,加入AOM后,PVC的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率下降,但随APP组分的增加,PVC的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率进一步下降,冲击性能比较明显提高。结合微型量热仪和烟密度仪综合分析,4#样中APP加入的量为6phr时的抑烟效果最好,其最大烟密度(MSD)为73.08,烟密度等级(SDR)为60.67,氧指数比纯PVC样品的提升了6.9。另外,微型量热仪的测定燃烧释放热量及随着APP组分的增加对PVC的分解过程的影响得出2#样中AOM加入6phr、以及3#样中APP加入4.5phr、AOM加入3phr时样热释放速率较低,综合两组实验分析得出3#在两个面具有优异的性质。由于传统工艺工作效率低,而且传统混料方式的粉尘大对操作人员以及设备有较大的影响。本文升级了加工工艺,提高了生产效率以及保证了产品的稳定性。设计自动供料装置可以实时控制、精准加料、节省人力,消除了传统加工过程中的板材的色差、表面不良、性能不稳定的缺陷。按照配方将物料加入自动供料装置后,经物料与机械自摩擦使物料升温至设定工艺温度,然后经冷混机将物料降至40~50 oC制成配方料,加入到挤出机中进行塑化,经T型模具成型为片胚后,采用三辊压光机冷却定型。在线监测仪对产品表面进行自动连续检查,不良品被挑出进行破碎处理;合格的产品继续向前输出,在贴膜装置位置进行贴膜,可以单层或双层贴保护膜,保护膜为聚乙烯材质,安全环保,和片材粘附力强,用于保护产品表面;通过调整切刀的间距来调节产品的宽度,在生产导辊之间设置有切刀,能及时切边,将切边料直接粉碎回收到料斗中进行二次使用,节约材料成本。再通过剪板机把连续的片材切割成设置长度,并进行性能检测环节。设计PVC阻燃抑烟片材自动化生产系统,通过一年多生产,运行平稳,生产硬质PVC阻燃抑烟片材质量稳定,处于国内领先水平。
[Abstract]:But PVC decomposes and releases a lot of black smoke and a variety of toxic and corrosive gases during combustion, causing people to suffocate and die in the event of a fire.Therefore, the study of flame retardancy and smoke suppression of PVC is an urgent problem.In this paper, PVC/ molybdenum compound / phosphate compound composites were prepared by melt blending method. The effect of molybdenum compound / phosphorus compound ratio on the smoke inhibition of PVC was studied.To investigate the synergistic effect of molybdenum and phosphorus compounds on the flame retardancy and salt suppression of PVC.The effects of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as flame retardant and ammonium octamolybdate (AOM) as smoke suppressant combined with tensile impact smoke density limiting oxygen index and micro calorimeter were studied.However, the tensile strength and elongation at break of APP decreased further with the increase of APP component, and the impact property was improved obviously.Combined with micro calorimeter and smoke density analyzer, the best smoke suppression effect was obtained when the amount of APP added in the sample was 6phr. The maximum density of smoke was 73.08, the density of smoke was 60.67, and the oxygen index was 6.9 higher than that of pure PVC.In addition, the influence of combustion heat release and the decomposition process of PVC with the increase of APP components by the micro calorimeter showed that AOM was added to 6phrr in 2# sample, and APP to 3phr was added to 3phr at a lower rate.Synthesizing two groups of experiments, it is concluded that the two masks have excellent properties.Because of the low efficiency of the traditional technology and the large dust of the traditional mixing mode, the operator and the equipment are greatly affected.This article has upgraded the processing technology, improved the production efficiency and guaranteed the product stability.The design of automatic feeding device can control the material accurately, save manpower and eliminate the defects of color difference, poor surface and unstable performance in the traditional processing process.After adding the material to the automatic feeding device according to the formula, the material heats up to the set process temperature through the friction between the material and the machine, and then the material is reduced to 40 ~ 50oC by the cold mixer to make the formula material, and the material is added to the extruder for plasticizing.After T-mold forming for piece embryo, the three-roll calender is used for cooling and setting.The on-line monitor carries on the automatic continuous inspection to the product surface, the bad product is picked out to carry on the crushing treatment, the qualified product continues to forward the output, carries on the film in the film sticking device position, may single layer or double layer paste the protective film,The protective film is of polyethylene material, safe and environmental protection, and strong adhesion of sheet material, it is used to protect the product surface; the width of the product is adjusted by adjusting the spacing of the cutting knife, and the cutting knife is arranged between the production guide rollers, which can cut the edge in time.The edge-cutting material is directly crushed and recycled into the hopper for secondary use, saving material cost.Then cut the continuous sheet into a set length through the shearing machine, and perform performance testing.The automatic production system of PVC flame-retardant and smoke suppression sheet was designed. After more than one year of production, the production of PVC flame-retardant and smoke suppression sheet was stable and the production quality of hard PVC flame-retardant and smoke suppression sheet was stable.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ325.3

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