汽车内饰天然纤维复合材料性能研究及生命周期评价

发布时间：2018-04-23 12:35

本文选题：汽车内饰 + 黄麻　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着空气污染、能源耗竭等严峻问题的出现,人们逐渐意识到保护环境的重要性。近年来,汽车内饰业对环境友好材料和可再利用材料的开发成为了行业关注的焦点。汽车内饰是汽车的重要组成之一,不仅在车内起到装饰作用,还涉及安全性、功能性等多个方面。本文以绿色设计理念为支持,将天然纤维与聚丙烯(PP)共混制备出了环境友好、性能优良、满足轻量化条件的汽车内饰用天然纤维复合材料。论文首先对制备天然纤维复合材料的基体和增强体进行了选择。结合目前国内汽车内饰件的常用材料和绿色设计的设计思想,最终确定了以PP为基体,以天然黄麻纤维作为增强体进行复合材料的制备。在制备复合材料的准备过程中,分别采用碱处理和丁二酸酐对黄麻纤维进行改性;之后,将未经过前处理的黄麻纤维,碱处理后的黄麻纤维和丁二酸酐处理的黄麻纤维分别和基体共混,采用可连续大批量生产、可避免原料浪费、可生产复杂结构的挤出-注射成型工艺进行黄麻/PP复合材料的制备。论文着重研究了不同黄麻质量比例、不同前处理方法对黄麻/PP复合材料性能的影响,并结合微观形貌及相界面对材料性能的差异进行分析讨论。试验结果表明:无论是拉伸性能还是弯曲性能,经过化学前处理的复合材料均比未经过前处理的复合材料性能更好。就拉伸性能而言,在所有试验组中,经过丁二酸酐前处理的黄麻/PP复合材料在黄麻含量为15%的时候达到最佳,相对于基体材料PP的拉伸强度提高了27%,拉伸模量提高了59%。就弯曲性能而言,在所有试验组中,经过丁二酸酐前处理的黄麻/PP复合材料在黄麻含量为10%的时候达到最佳,相对于基体材料PP的的弯曲强度提高了19%,弯曲模量提高了92%。在前处理方式不变的情况下,随着黄麻含量的增加,所有复合材料试验组的吸水率都随之增大;在黄麻质量比例相同时,经丁二酸酐前处理的黄麻/PP复合材料的吸水率相对于其它两组对照组显著降低。论文进一步以某轿车车门内饰板为例,进行仿真验证。在论文中建立车门内饰板的有限元模型,将试验组性能最佳的材料参数带入进行仿真分析,并与车门内饰板的设计要求进行对比,验证了本文制备出的黄麻/PP复合材料在设计要求上是满足条件的。最后使用GaBi软件对黄麻/PP复合材料产品的生命周期进行了量化评价,得到了对环境因素的几个重要影响指标。最终得出了黄麻纤维/PP车门内饰板在生命周期中相较于现有材料的车门内饰板更加环境友好的结果。天然纤维复合材料在未来有可能在汽车内饰件上普遍使用,并最终代替对环境影响较大的化学纤维复合材料,成为被大规模应用的绿色环保新材料。本文所制备的黄麻/PP复合材料,不仅在材料力学性能上满足汽车内饰件的设计要求,并且是一种环境友好的材料,有利于可持续发展。
[Abstract]:With the emergence of air pollution, energy depletion and other serious problems, people gradually realize the importance of environmental protection. In recent years, the development of environmental friendly materials and reusable materials in automobile interior decoration industry has become the focus of attention. Automobile interior decoration is one of the important components of automobile. It not only plays a decorative role in the car, but also involves many aspects, such as safety, functionality and so on. Based on the concept of green design, natural fiber composites for automotive interior decoration were prepared by blending natural fibers with PP. Firstly, the matrix and reinforcements of natural fiber composites were selected. Based on the common materials of domestic automobile interior accessories and the design idea of green design, the preparation of composites with PP as matrix and natural jute fibers as reinforcements was finally determined. The jute fibers were modified by alkali treatment and succinic anhydride respectively during the preparation of the composites. The jute fibers treated with alkali and jute fibers treated with succinic anhydride are blended with the matrix, which can be produced continuously and in large quantities, thus avoiding the waste of raw materials. Extrusion-injection molding with complex structure can be used to prepare jute / PP composites. The effects of different jute mass ratios and pretreatment methods on the properties of jute / PP composites were studied in this paper. The experimental results show that both tensile and bending properties of the composites treated by chemical pretreatment are better than those of the composites without pretreatment. In terms of tensile properties, the jute / PP composites pretreated with succinic anhydride reach the best value when the jute content is 15%, the tensile strength of PP is increased by 27% and the tensile modulus is increased by 5999% compared with the matrix PP. In terms of bending properties, the jute / PP composites treated with succinic anhydride reached the best value when the content of jute was 10%, the flexural strength of PP was increased by 19% and the flexural modulus was increased by 92%. With the increase of jute content, the water absorption rate of all composite test groups increased with the same pretreatment method, and when the jute mass ratio was the same, The water absorption of jute / PP composites treated with succinic anhydride was significantly lower than that of the other two groups. The paper further takes a car door interior decoration board as an example to carry on the simulation verification. In this paper, the finite element model of the door interior panel is established, and the best material parameters of the test group are brought into the simulation analysis, and compared with the design requirements of the door interior decoration board. It is verified that the jute / PP composite prepared in this paper meets the design requirements. Finally, the life cycle of jute / PP composites was quantitatively evaluated by using GaBi software, and several important indexes of environmental factors were obtained. Finally, it is concluded that jute fiber / PP door interior panel is more environmentally friendly than the existing door interior panel in the life cycle. Natural fiber composites are likely to be widely used in automotive interior accessories in the future and eventually replace chemical fiber composites which have a great impact on the environment and become a new green environmental protection material applied on a large scale. The jute / PP composite prepared in this paper not only meets the design requirements of automotive interior accessories in terms of material mechanical properties but also is an environmentally friendly material which is conducive to sustainable development.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U463.839.2;TB332

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