环保淀粉接枝共聚物浆料的制备与性能研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 05:29

本文选题：高能辐照 + 玉米淀粉　；参考：《武汉纺织大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：织造是纺织工业产业链中一个重要的环节,经纱的上浆又是织造前的一个极其关键的工序。合成高聚物聚乙烯醇(PVA)因其高分子链侧基含有大量的羟基,具有优异的粘附性和很好的成膜性和柔性而广泛地应用于经纱上浆,但含有PVA上浆的经纱织造成坯布后退浆,其废水中含有很不易生物降解的聚乙烯醇,从而严重的污染了环境。因此,绿色环保易生物降解的淀粉基纺织浆料的研究与开发就成为纺织浆料领域的前沿与热点。目前淀粉基纺织浆料大多存在耐磨性不足、粘附力不够、浆膜的脆性较大(即浆膜的拉伸强度不高、断裂伸长率较低)等缺点,在中、高支纯棉纱线、涤棉混纺纱线和纯涤纱线等领域的应用仍受到了极大的限制。本文针对上述不足,首先采用高能辐照对玉米淀粉进行大分子链结构的剪切和修饰,研究了辐照剂量对淀粉结构和分子量的影响规律;以铈盐为引发剂,研究了引发剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等因素对辐照淀粉接枝丙烯酸和醋酸乙烯酯单体的规律;采用TG、DSC、力学性能测试等技术对淀粉接枝共聚物的热学性能、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率等进行了研究;最后考察了淀粉基浆料的生物降解性。研究结果表明,辐照剂量对玉米淀粉的结晶结构影响不大,而淀粉最高热黏度随着辐照剂量的增加而降低,当辐照剂量为40kGy以上时,淀粉最高热黏度变化不明显。在本实验条件下,通过对淀粉辐照及铈盐的引发下,能显著提高丙烯酸和醋酸乙烯酯单体的接枝率和接枝效率,最高分别可达89.57%,82.45%。极性和柔性单体的引入可显著提升淀粉接枝共聚物对纯棉粗纱条和涤棉粗纱条的粘附力及纱线的耐磨性性能,浆膜的拉伸断裂强度和断裂伸长率相比于原淀粉浆膜有很大的提高。TG、DSC研究结果表明,辐照能够有效地提高淀粉的热稳定性。生物可降解性结果显示淀粉接枝共聚物的BOD5/COD比值约为0.3,生物可降解性良好,环保性能较强。
[Abstract]:Weaving is an important link in textile industry chain, and warp sizing is an extremely critical process before weaving. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been widely used in warp sizing because of its high hydroxyl group, excellent adhesion, good film formation and flexibility. However, the yarns with PVA sizing result in grey fabric backing. The waste water contains polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) which is not biodegradable, which pollutes the environment seriously. Therefore, the research and development of environmental friendly and biodegradable starch based textile size has become the frontier and hot spot in textile sizing field. At present, most of the starch-based textile sizing materials have some shortcomings, such as insufficient wear resistance, insufficient adhesion, high brittleness of the sizing film (i.e., low tensile strength and low elongation at break), etc. The application of polyester / cotton blended yarn and pure polyester yarn is still limited. In this paper, the effects of irradiation dose on the structure and molecular weight of corn starch were studied by shear and modification of macromolecular chain structure of corn starch by high energy irradiation, and the amount of initiator was studied with cerium salt as initiator. The thermal properties, tensile strength and elongation at break of starch grafted with acrylic acid and vinyl acetate were studied by TGN DSCand mechanical property test. Finally, the biodegradability of starch-based size was investigated. The results showed that irradiation dose had little effect on the crystalline structure of corn starch, but the maximum thermal viscosity of starch decreased with the increase of irradiation dose. When the irradiation dose was above 40kGy, the maximum thermal viscosity of starch did not change obviously. Under the experimental conditions, the grafting rate and the grafting efficiency of acrylic acid and vinyl acetate monomer can be significantly improved by irradiation of starch and cerium salt. The highest grafting efficiency can reach 89.57% and 82.45% respectively. The addition of polarity and flexible monomer can significantly improve the adhesion of starch grafted copolymer to pure cotton roving sliver and polyester / cotton roving sliver and the wear resistance of yarn. Compared with the original starch film, the tensile breaking strength and elongation at break of the size film were greatly improved. The DSC results showed that irradiation could effectively improve the thermal stability of the starch. The results of biodegradability showed that the BOD5/COD ratio of starch grafted copolymer was about 0.3, the biodegradability was good and the environmental protection property was strong.
【学位授予单位】：武汉纺织大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS103.846

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