无卤阻燃剂包覆聚苯乙烯板的制备方法与性能研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 03:20

本文选题：可发性聚苯乙烯 + 酚醛树脂　；参考：《中北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：聚苯乙烯泡沫保温材料具有硬质的特征和闭孔结构,导致其有较低的导热系数与吸水率,且质轻,成本低,稳定性好,施工技术已很成熟,被作为结构材料广泛用于外墙保温体系中。但传统聚苯乙烯泡沫板遇火熔融收缩,低落物具有二次引燃性,氧指数只有18%,其在建筑中使用时存在的安全隐患已引起重视,因此以高防火等级聚苯乙烯泡沫板的研发使用已成必然。本文研究了一种新型环保型、高防火性能的阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫(EPS)保温板的制备工艺方法,解决了悬浮聚合阶段添加阻燃剂受限的问题及传统包覆阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫保温板珠粒间结合力差,防火性能低,燃烧释放有害气体的问题,并深入探究了其阻燃机理。实验中利用了无卤环保阻燃剂可膨胀石墨(EG)与聚磷酸铵(APP)的协同作用,采用酚醛树脂作胶黏剂,并特制无机固化剂,用“湿法模压”的新型包覆工艺方法,有效利用了酚醛树脂高温固化交联作用,使材料的阻燃性能和粘结性能都大幅提升。本实验中使用实验室自制的预发泡容器、混料设备及模压成型模具及设备,模拟工厂包覆模压成型流程,并对整个工艺进行优化改进,通过多次试验确定出最优的成型工艺方法及工艺条件,并对材料进行力学性能、氧指数(LOI)、热重分析(TG)、红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、锥形量热仪(CONE)分析,探究其阻燃机理。(1)实验表明,聚苯乙烯(EPS)、酚醛树脂(PF)与固化剂的最佳质量配比为100:90:20。用酚醛树脂包覆法制得的EPS保温板能有效提高材料的防火阻燃性能,使EPS的氧指数由18.0%提高到27.9%,压缩强度提高了326%,拉伸性能提高了25%,显著改善了EPS材料受热熔融、燃烧熔滴的不良性能。(2)用无卤阻燃剂可膨胀石墨(EG)对聚苯乙烯泡沫保温板进行阻燃,能使保温板的阻燃性能进一步提高,当EPS颗粒/酚醛树脂/固化剂/EG(质量比)为100/90/20/4时,EG/EPF材料的力学性能最好,氧指数达到了29.4%。由FTIR实验可知,EG与PF之间没有发生化学反应,它们共同覆盖在EPS颗粒表面,酚醛树脂通过交联固化隔绝了氧与热进入基体,EG受热形成膨胀炭层,亦起到隔氧和隔热的作用,它们共同保护着基体材料,使材料燃烧后仍保留完整的细胞结构,有效的提高了材料的阻燃性能。由热重分析(TG)实验可知,EG与PF均能提高材料的热稳定性,EG在一定程度上能提高材料的残炭率。(3)当EG加入量为4份,APP加入量为8份时,用EG/APP复配阻燃剂制成的EPF/EG/APP复合材料其力学性能更好:拉伸强度和压缩强度最大分别为0.310 MPa和0.109 MPa;阻燃性能更好,LOI值达到了33.0%;热稳定性更佳,生成的炭层更加坚实,残炭率更高,且能够有效的减少热释放速率,减少CO的释放量。
[Abstract]:Polystyrene foam insulation material has hard characteristics and closed pore structure, which leads to low thermal conductivity and water absorption, light weight, low cost, good stability, and the construction technology is very mature. It is widely used as structural material in exterior wall insulation system. However, the traditional polystyrene foam board was melted and contracted by fire, and the dejection had secondary ignition, and the oxygen index was only 18. The hidden danger of safety existed in the building has been paid more attention to. Therefore, the development and use of high fire-proof polystyrene foam board has become inevitable. In this paper, a new type of environmentally friendly and high fire resistant flame retardant polystyrene foam (EPS) thermal insulation board was prepared. The problem of limiting the addition of flame retardant in suspension polymerization stage and the problem of poor adhesion between beads, low fire resistance and harmful gas emission of traditional coated polystyrene foam insulation board were solved, and the mechanism of flame retardant was deeply explored. In the experiment, the synergistic effect of non-halogen environmental flame retardant expandable graphite (EGG) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was used, the phenolic resin was used as adhesive, the inorganic curing agent was specially made, and the new coating process of "wet moulding" was used. The high temperature curing crosslinking effect of phenolic resin was used effectively, and the flame retardancy and adhesive property of the material were greatly improved. In this experiment, the premade foam container, mixing equipment and mould and equipment made by the laboratory were used to simulate the molding process of the factory coating, and the whole process was optimized and improved. Through many experiments, the optimum forming process and process conditions were determined, and the mechanical properties, oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGN), FTIR, SEM, conical calorimeter (conical calorimeter) were determined, and the flame retarding mechanism was investigated. The optimum mass ratio of polystyrene (EPS), phenolic resin (PF) and curing agent is 100: 90: 20. The EPS thermal insulation board prepared by phenolic resin coating method can effectively improve the fire resistance and flame retardancy of the material. The oxygen index of EPS is increased from 18.0% to 27.9%, the compression strength is increased by 326%, the tensile property is improved by 25%, and the heat melting of EPS material is greatly improved. Flame retardation of polystyrene foam insulation board with non-halogen flame retardant expandable graphite (EGG) can further improve the flame retardancy of thermal insulation board. When the mass ratio of EPS particle / phenolic resin / curing agent is 100 / 90 / 20 / 4, the mechanical properties of EPF material are the best and the oxygen index is 429.90%. FTIR experiments showed that there was no chemical reaction between EG and PF, which were covered on the surface of EPS particles. Phenolic resin isolated oxygen and heat from entering the matrix EG by crosslinking and curing, and formed expanded carbon layer, which also acted as oxygen insulation and heat insulation. Together, they protect the matrix material and keep the intact cell structure after burning, and improve the flame retardancy of the material effectively. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that both EG and PF could improve the thermal stability of the material. To some extent, EG could improve the carbon residue rate of the material. (3) when the content of EG was 4 phr app, the content of EG was 8 phr. The mechanical properties of EPF/EG/APP composite made with EG/APP flame retardant are better: the maximum tensile strength and compression strength are 0.310 MPa and 0.109 MPA, respectively; the loi value of flame retardant is 33.0%; the thermal stability is better, the carbon layer is more solid, and the carbon residue rate is higher. And can effectively reduce the heat release rate, reduce the amount of CO release.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ328.4

【参考文献】