基于UMAC的五轴磨床数控系统开发

发布时间：2018-05-04 02:12

本文选题：开放式数控系统 + UMAC运动控制器　；参考：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着现代制造技术的发展,对刃形复杂的高精度刀具的需求迅猛增长,因此对制造刀具的数控磨床需求也大大增长。而数控工具磨床的核心在于数控系统,传统的CNC系统虽然具有相当成熟的控制技术,但由于其封闭性逐渐不适用于当今世界制造业对智能化、柔性化的需求,因此开放式数控已经成为数控系统发展的新趋势。目前,国内的五轴联动的数控工具磨床仍然需要依靠进口,为了实现国产五轴磨床数控系统的自主研发,本文通过对五轴数控工具磨床的机械结构及功能要求的分析,研究开放式数控系统的硬件及软件结构体系,提出基于UMAC运功控制器的五轴磨床数控系统的设计方案。根据对整个刀具设计、仿真、制造一体化的设计理念,对刀位文件数据后置处理运动求解算法进行研究,发现后置处理运动求解中存在砂轮初始轴向不同、工件坐标系方向相对于机床坐标系不统一导致的问题,导致目前已有的算法并不完全适用。因此提出了一种基于坐标变换的双向求解方法,完成了磨床的运动求解过程的推算,为完善磨床的后置处理方法,实现设计与制造一体化奠定基础。采用模块化设计方法,对系统软件的功能模块进行划分和设计。UMAC运动控制器具有优越的开放性,功能强大且便于开发。通过研究上位机与UMAC的通信方式,及代码检验、运动程序自动生成、加工过程代码同步显示、磨床回零、伺服参数整定等关键技术,满足了数控系统的功能需求。最后利用软件工程技术在.NET平台上开发出一套五轴工具磨床数控软件系统,并建立了数控系统仿真的实验平台,进行了软件系统的调试和验证。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern manufacturing technology, the demand for high-precision cutting tools with complex blade is increasing rapidly, so the demand for NC grinder for manufacturing tools is also greatly increased. The core of CNC tool grinder is numerical control system. Although the traditional CNC system has quite mature control technology, it is not suitable for the intelligent and flexible demand of the world manufacturing industry because of its closed property. Therefore, open CNC has become a new trend of CNC system development. At present, the domestic five-axis CNC tool grinder still needs to rely on imports. In order to realize the independent research and development of domestic five-axis grinding machine numerical control system, this paper analyzes the mechanical structure and function requirements of the five-axis CNC tool grinder. The hardware and software architecture of open CNC system is studied, and the design scheme of five-axis grinder NC system based on UMAC power controller is presented. According to the design idea of integration of tool design, simulation and manufacture, the algorithm of post-processing motion solution of cutter position file data is studied. It is found that there are different initial axial direction of grinding wheel in post-processing motion solution. Due to the disunity of the direction of the workpiece coordinate system relative to the machine tool coordinate system, the existing algorithms are not fully applicable. Therefore, a bidirectional solution method based on coordinate transformation is proposed, which completes the calculation of the kinematic solution process of grinding machine, and lays a foundation for improving the post-processing method of grinding machine and realizing the integration of design and manufacture. The modular design method is used to divide and design the functional modules of the system software. The .UMAC motion controller has excellent openness, powerful function and is easy to develop. By studying the communication mode between upper computer and UMAC and the key technologies such as code checking, automatic generation of motion program, synchronous display of machining code, grinding machine returning to zero, servo parameter setting and so on, the functional requirements of NC system are satisfied. Finally, a five-axis tool grinder numerical control software system is developed on .NET platform with software engineering technology, and the experimental platform of numerical control system simulation is established, and the software system is debugged and verified.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG596

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