小茴香油树脂的亚临界萃取及其特性和应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 20:03

本文选题：亚临界萃取 + 小茴香　；参考：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：小茴香(Foenculum vulgare Mill.)在我国具有悠久的种植历史,是卫生部公布的药食两用的物品,小茴香中含有18%左右的油脂,其中富含不饱和脂肪酸,并且含有甾醇、皂苷、氨基酸、维生素和矿物质、生物碱、黄酮及单宁等生理活性成分,具有极高的食用和药用价值与诸多生理功效。亚临界萃取技术(Subcritical extraction technology)已经在天然产物萃取研究方面得到了广泛应用与研究,越来越受到人们的关注。因此,本研究根据小茴香资源的研究及利用现状,选择利用亚临界萃取技术对小茴香油树脂进行提取,在萃取工艺优化、小茴香粕氨基酸检测、油树脂理化性质检测和成分分析以及提取物在卷烟中的应用进行了研究,对小茴香资源的合理开发及综合利用具有重要的现实意义。本论文主要的研究内容有以下几个方面:首先,本研究采用亚临界丁烷萃取小茴香油树脂,通过单因素实验和响应面实验对亚临界萃取小茴香油树脂的工艺进行了优化和验证,获得的最佳提取条件为:液固比25 m L/g,萃取时间45 min,萃取温度60℃,此条件下小茴香油树脂的得率为12.79%。响应面优化结果表明,在萃取过程中,液固比和萃取时间对油树脂得率的影响大于萃取温度;萃取温度与萃取时间、萃取温度与液固比之间交互作用不显著,萃取时间与液固比之间交互作用显著。其次,对亚临界提取油树脂后的小茴香粕中的氨基酸组成进行分析,共检测出17种氨基酸,其中人体必须氨基酸7种。分别使用亚临界丁烷萃取、超临界CO2萃取和正己烷萃取法制备小茴香油树脂和净油,所得油树脂主要成分均为油酸和亚油酸等不饱和脂肪酸,在脂肪酸组成方面差异不大;在理化性质方面三种油树脂有一定区别,亚临界法在酸值、碘值和过氧化值等指标方面上优于其它两种方法;三种小茴香净油中共鉴定出22种化合物,在化合物组成方面差异不大,但含量上有一些差别,主要成分均为反式茴香脑,且含量顺序为亚临界法超临界法有机溶剂法。最后,对小茴香亚临界丁烷提取物在卷烟中进行了应用研究。对添加小茴香油树脂和小茴香净油的实验卷烟进行了主流烟气中活性氧自由基含量的测定、卷烟主流烟气中7种有害成分释放量的测定及卷烟感官品质评价。结果表明:在合适的用量范围内,小茴香净油对卷烟主流烟气中活性氧自由基的清除效果比较明显,且对主流烟气中7种有害成分的释放量无明显影响;另外,小茴香油树脂能够改善香气质,提高香气,使烟气柔和细腻,降低刺激性。
[Abstract]:Foenculum vulgare Mill. has a long history of planting in our country. It is a dual-use item published by the Ministry of health. The fennel contains about 18% of the oil, which is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, and contains sterols, saponins, amino acids, vitamins and minerals, alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins, which are very high. The Subcritical Extraction Technology (subcritical extraction technology) has been widely used and studied in the extraction of natural products, and it has attracted more and more attention. Therefore, this study selects the subcritical extraction technology based on the research and utilization of the fennel resources. The extraction process of fennel oil resin, the optimization of extraction technology, the determination of amino acid in fennel meal, the physical and chemical properties of the oleoresin and the composition analysis, and the application of the extract in cigarette are studied. It has important practical significance for the rational development and comprehensive utilization of the fennel resources. The main contents of this paper are as follows. In this study, the extraction of fennel oleoresin with subcritical butane was used to optimize and verify the process of subcritical extraction of fennel Oleoresin by single factor and response surface experiments. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: the ratio of liquid to solid ratio 25 m L/g, the extraction time 45 min, the extraction temperature 60 degrees C, and the fennel oleoresin under this condition The 12.79%. response surface optimization results show that the effect of liquid solid ratio and extraction time on the yield of oleoresin is greater than the extraction temperature, and the interaction between extraction temperature and extraction time, extraction temperature and liquid to solid ratio is not significant, and the interaction between extraction time and liquid solid ratio is significant. Secondly, the extraction of oleoresin is followed by subcritical extraction of oleoresin. The amino acid composition of fennel meal was analyzed. 17 amino acids were detected, of which 7 kinds of amino acids were essential for human body. Subcritical butane extraction, supercritical CO2 extraction and hexane extraction were used to prepare fennel oil resin and net oil. The main components of the oil resin were oleic acid and linoleic acid, such as unsaturated fatty acids, and in fat. There is little difference in the composition of acid; there are certain differences between the three kinds of oleoresin in physical and chemical properties. The subcritical method is superior to the other two methods in acid value, iodine value and peroxide value. The three species of fennel oil have identified 22 compounds in the composition of compounds, but there are some differences in the content, the main components are all In the end, the subcritical butane butane extract of fennel was applied in cigarettes. The content of the active oxygen in the mainstream smoke was determined by the determination of the content of the active oxygen in the mainstream smoke of the mainstream smoke, and 7 kinds of cigarette mainstream smoke. The determination of the release quantity of harmful ingredients and the evaluation of sensory quality of cigarettes showed that the effect of fennel net oil on the removal of reactive oxygen radicals in mainstream cigarette smoke was obvious, and there was no obvious effect on the release of 7 kinds of harmful components in mainstream smoke. The high aroma makes the smoke soft and delicate and reduces the irritation.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ914.1

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