典型果蔬“三剂”风险评估及基于脆弱性评价模型的预警初探

发布时间：2018-05-14 08:40

本文选题：果蔬 + 三剂　；参考：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】："三剂"是指农产品种植、采收、贮藏、运输等环节中所使用的防腐剂、保鲜剂和添加剂。由于我国冷链体系和贮藏保鲜技术落后,农产品产后损失严重。近年来,"三剂"产品被用于产后收贮运环节的护色、防腐和杀菌等过程,但"毒蘑菇"、"毒莲藕"、"毒葡萄"等一系列不合理使用"三剂"事件的曝光让消费者对"三剂"产生了误解。为探讨典型果蔬中常用"三剂"的使用必要性、安全性和合法性,本文以双孢蘑菇中的亚硫酸盐和二氧化钛、莲藕中的柠檬酸和葡萄中的抑霉唑为研究对象,开展了"三剂"使用技术必要性研究和风险评估;并以双孢蘑菇为例,进一步结合脆弱性理论开展了双孢蘑菇质量安全预警技术研究。本文的主要内容和成果如下:1.利用模拟实验的方式,通过评价产品品质研究双孢蘑菇中亚硫酸盐和二氧化钛、莲藕中柠檬酸和葡萄中抑霉唑的使用技术必要性。结果表明:(1)利用含0.06%焦亚硫酸钠(Na2S2O5)、0.12%无水亚硫酸钠(Na_2SO_3)和0.5%二氧化钛(TiO_2)的复合溶液处理双孢蘑菇可以较好地改善色泽,延缓开伞;(2)利用0.2%～0.5%柠檬酸溶液处理莲藕能延缓其褐变;(3)利用500mg/L抑霉唑溶液处理葡萄能延缓腐烂、脱粒。因此,合理使用亚硫酸盐、二氧化钛、柠檬酸和抑霉唑来应对收贮运环节中双孢蘑菇、莲藕和葡萄品质易劣变的情况有一定的必要性。2.利用传统食品安全风险评估法和基于Monte Carlo模拟技术的@risk软件,开展双孢蘑菇中亚硫酸盐和二氧化钛、莲藕中柠檬酸和葡萄中抑霉唑的风险评估。结果表明,基于所有蔬菜或水果有相当于双孢蘑菇中二氧化硫和二氧化钛含量、莲藕中柠檬酸含量及葡萄中抑霉唑含量的假设,儿童、青少年、成年人和老年人四类不同人群仅通过食用双孢蘑菇途径摄入二氧化硫和二氧化钛的风险商平均值分别小于0.254和0.516,仅通过食用莲藕途径摄入柠檬酸的风险商平均值小于0.305,仅通过食用葡萄途径摄入抑霉唑的风险商平均值小于0.047;此外,模拟实验条件下成年人摄入二氧化硫、二氧化钛、柠檬酸和抑霉唑的最大风险商分别为0.035、0.376、0.001和0.190。因此,我国居民仅通过食用双孢蘑菇、莲藕和葡萄途径摄入二氧化硫、二氧化钛、柠檬酸和抑霉唑的风险商均小于1,即风险均处于可接受水平。3.利用"特尔斐专家问卷调查法+层次分析法"(Delphi-AHP法)和多目标线性加权函数法,结合脆弱性理论研究双孢蘑菇质量安全预警技术,建立了预警体系和模型,并开展了实证研究。结果表明,双孢蘑菇在种植、采收贮藏、运输和销售四大环节中主要有农药残留合格率、非法添加行为发生率、转运频率和监督抽检频率等17个影响其质量安全的指标,其脆弱性预警模型如下式所示:通过对姚庄食用菌精品园的实证研究表明,该模型有较好的应用价值,能对农产品供应链中的脆弱性环节和要素的追溯提供参考和依据,有助于实现对产品质量安全的综合评价和有效预警。
[Abstract]:"Three agents" refers to the preservatives, preservatives and additives used in agricultural production, harvesting, storage, transportation and other links. Because of our cold chain system and storage technology, the loss of agricultural products is serious after the postpartum. In recent years, "three" products have been used in the process of nursing, anticorrosion and sterilization for postpartum storage and transportation, but "poisonous mushrooms", "poisonous Lotus" "Lotus root", "poison grapes" and a series of irrational use of "three agents" exposure to the exposure of the consumer to the "three" misunderstood. In order to explore the use of the "three agents" in the typical fruits and vegetables, the use of the necessity, safety and legitimacy, this article takes the sulfite and two titanium dioxide in Agaricus bisporus, the citric acid in the lotus root and the anti mycophenazole in the grape as the research object. The necessity research and risk assessment of the "three agent" use technology were carried out, and the early warning technology of the quality safety of Agaricus bisporus was further studied in combination with the fragility theory. The main contents and results of this paper are as follows: 1. the study on the quality of bisporus and two in the evaluation of product quality by the method of simulation experiments. The use of titanium oxide, citric acid in lotus root and vineazoles in grapes is necessary. The results show that: (1) the treatment of Agaricus bisporus with 0.06% pyred sodium sulfite (Na2S2O5), 0.12% anhydrous sodium sulfite (Na_2SO_3) and 0.5% titanium dioxide (TiO_2) can better improve color and delay parachute opening; (2) use 0.2% to 0.5% citric acid solution Treatment of lotus root can delay its browning; (3) the use of 500mg/L anti mycophenazole solution to treat grapes can delay decay and threshing. Therefore, rational use of sulfite, titanium dioxide, citric acid and anti mycophenazole should be used to deal with the situation that the quality of Agaricus bisporus, lotus root and grape are easily deteriorated in the storage and transportation link..2. use the traditional food safety risk assessment. The risk assessment of sulfite and TiO2 in Agaricus bisporus, citric acid in lotus root and antimycophenazole in grapes was evaluated based on the @risk software based on the Monte Carlo simulation technology. The results showed that the content of sulphur dioxide and two titanium dioxide in Agaricus bisporus, the content of citric acid in lotus root and the inhibition of grape in the lotus root were compared with the risk assessment of the citric acid and the grape in the grape. The hypothesis of mycophenazole content that the average risk quotient of four different groups of children, adolescents, adults and elderly people only intake of sulfur dioxide and titanium dioxide through the consumption of Agaricus bisporus is less than 0.254 and 0.516 respectively. The average value of the risk quotient of citric acid intake through the lotus root pathway is less than 0.305, only through the eating grape way. The average risk quotient of anti mycophenazole was less than 0.047. In addition, the largest risk quotient of SO2 intake, titanium dioxide, citric acid and anti mycophenazole were 0.035,0.376,0.001 and 0.190. under simulated experimental conditions, so our residents only consumed sulfur dioxide, TiO2, citric acid, and citric acid by eating Agaricus bisporus, lotus root and grape. The risk quotient of anti mycophenazole is less than 1, that is, the risk is at the acceptable level.3. using "Delphi expert questionnaire method + analytic hierarchy process" (Delphi-AHP method) and multiobjective linear weighted function method. The early warning system and model of Agaricus bisporus are established in combination with the vulnerability theory, and the results of the empirical study are carried out. It shows that the four main links of Agaricus bisporus in planting, harvesting, storage, transportation and sale are the rate of pesticide residue, the rate of illegal addition, the frequency of transport and the frequency of supervision, and the index of the quality and safety that affect the quality of the Agaricus bisporus. The early warning model of its vulnerability is shown as follows: by the empirical study of Yao Zhuang's edible mushroom boutique garden, This model has good application value, and can provide reference and basis for the traceability of the vulnerability links and elements in the supply chain of agricultural products, and help to realize the comprehensive evaluation and effective early warning of the product quality and safety.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS255.3;TS201.6

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