活性染料在非极性介质中染色及机理研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 08:21

  本文选题：棉织物 + 活性染料　； 参考：《浙江理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：活性染料常规水浴染色时需加入大量中性电解质,以促进染料对纤维的上染,导致电解质用量高、染料利用率低、废水处理难度大的问题。随着日益增大的环境和能源压力,亟待开发出一种可循环的清洁染色新技术,以提高染料利用率、降低电解质用量,减少染色废水排放。非水介质染色已成为新型生态染色技术研究的重要方向。本文选取价格低廉、性能稳定、对人体无毒害的非极性介质液体石蜡作为新型染色介质,开发了无需中性盐促染的活性染料/石蜡介质染色体系,研究了相关的染色工艺和染色机理。染色后液体石蜡通过简单的物理方法处理即可实现回收再利用。以染色织物K/S和匀染性为评价指标,研究带液量、碱浓度及固色温度和时间对染色效果的影响,确立活性染料/非极性介质染色体系的最佳染色工艺。采用红外光谱、SEM、XRD、智能风格仪及织物强力仪对最佳工艺条件下活性染料/液体石蜡染色棉纤维进行表征。采用残液法对该染色体系的染色热力学、动力学进行研究,确定染料扩散模型并计算其扩散系数。研究表明:为保证织物匀染性,织物带液率均为120%,而碱浓度和固色温度及时间则与染料活性种类相关。具体为:乙烯砜型染料活性黑KN-B:碳酸钠用量30g/L,固色温度75℃,固色时间30min;一氯均三嗪型染料活性橙K-7G:碳酸钠用量50g/L,固色温度85℃,固色时间40min。与传统水浴染色相比,活性染料在棉织物上的上染率接近100%,总固着率接近90%,显著减少染色用水,减少染化料消耗,减轻染色废水处理负担,且对染色织物的机械物理性能和化学结构不致影响。在活性染料/非极性介质体系中,受到染浴中油相和水相之间界面张力的推动,染料吸附类型不同于Nernst、Freundlich和Langmuir中的任何一种,棉纤维上染料的平衡上染量随温度的升高而增大。该体系中染料在纤维中的扩散符合孔道扩散模型,随着温度升高扩散系数增大。
[Abstract]:A large number of neutral electrolytes should be added in the conventional water bath dyeing of reactive dyes in order to promote the dyeing of fibers by dyes, resulting in the problems of high electrolyte consumption, low dye utilization rate and great difficulty in wastewater treatment. With the increasing environmental and energy pressure, it is urgent to develop a new clean dyeing technology, which can improve the utilization of dyes, reduce the amount of electrolyte and reduce the discharge of dyeing wastewater. Non-aqueous medium dyeing has become an important research direction of new ecological dyeing technology. In this paper, the non-polar liquid paraffin, which is cheap, stable and non-toxic to human body, is selected as a new dyeing medium, and the reactive dye / paraffin medium dyeing system without neutral salt is developed. The dyeing process and dyeing mechanism were studied. After dyeing, the liquid paraffin can be recovered and reused by a simple physical method. Based on K / S and evenness of dyed fabrics, the effects of the amount of solution, alkali concentration, fixation temperature and time on the dyeing effect were studied, and the optimum dyeing process of reactive dye / non-polar medium dyeing system was established. The dyeing of cotton fibers with reactive dyes / liquid paraffin under the optimum conditions was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), SEMX XRD, intelligent styling instrument and fabric strength tester. The dyeing thermodynamics and kinetics of the dyeing system were studied by residual solution method. The dye diffusion model was established and its diffusion coefficient was calculated. The results show that in order to ensure the evenness of the fabric, the liquid rate of the fabric is 120 and the alkali concentration, fixation temperature and time are related to the type of dye activity. The results are as follows: KN-B: sodium carbonate 30 g / L, fixing temperature 75 鈩，

本文编号：1909387