高抗电磁屏蔽针机织复合织物设计、制备和分析

发布时间：2018-05-26 03:39

本文选题：双面织物 + 防辐射性能　；参考：《武汉纺织大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：通过化学整理方法对织物进行功能开发由于其不环保和对健康的危害越来越受到人们的质疑,使得通过改变织物的结构来拓展面料功能成为当前研究热点。本论文首次将机织结构和针织结构相结合新型异面织物的织造技术应用在防辐射面料的织造中,开发出纯物理结构的抗辐射服用性能优异的面料。在团队研发的半自动针机织复合小样机上使用传统的纱线(如由羊毛,丙烯酸纤维混纺的纱线)以及防辐射纱线(主要含棉、涤纶和不锈钢微丝)来织造机织物、和双面织物,使用普通针织机织造针织物。再系统测试分析所得面料的厚度、面密度,单位面积克重、透气性、拉伸断裂性能、耐磨性、透汽性以及防辐射性能。探讨织物结构对防辐射织物效能的影响,比较不同原料双面防辐射织物防护性能效果,以及两层面料层合方式对防护效果的影响。此外,还具体介绍了半自动针机织复合小样机的复合方式以及双面织物制备的流程。观察织造的双面织物发现其具有独特的外观和性能。它的一个面显示针织线圈结构,另外一个面显示机织平纹结构。在拉伸试验中,双面织物的拉伸断裂性能略高于针织物和机织物,且两种双面织物的拉伸断裂性能相似,也正是由于双面织物独特的组织结构,其表现出独特的拉伸断裂现象:当机织结构被破坏后,另一个面的针织结构还未被破坏,随着拉伸运动的继续进行针织结构才遭到破坏。同时双面织物的面密度、单位面积克重以及厚度有所增加,透气性能降低。在耐磨性实验中我们发现双面织物具有独特的耐磨性,同样是因为针织结构和机织结构的结合且分布于织物的两面,在摩擦过程中,织物其中一面的结构被破坏后,另外一面的结构才会遭到破坏。在织物的透汽性实验中我们发现双面织物的透汽性相较于针织结构织物和机织结构织物降低了很多。因为随着织物单位面积克重、面密度以及厚度的增加,织物经纬纱间的缝隙减小,水分子通过织物的阻力变大,从而降低了织物的透汽性。两种双面织物的透汽性相似。在电磁屏蔽防护实验中发现双面织物的防护性能远高于针织物和机织物,即使是改变双面织物的针织结构用纱,以羊毛混纺纱代替防辐射纱线,其防护性能仍然高于针织物和机织物。另外,将织物进行层合后,防辐射性能大有提高,且层合方式的不同也会对其效果产生影响,45°异向层合比0°同向层合防辐射效果好。综上所述,用防辐射纱线织造的双面织物拥有最好的防护效果,将其针织结构用纱替换成羊毛混纺纱线后防护效果略有下降,但仍高于一般针织物、机织物。同种织物层合后的防护效果增加,且在45°层合时防护效果达到最优。两种双面织物的面密度、厚度、单位面积克重、耐磨性以及拉伸断裂性能均有增加,透气性、以及透汽性性能降低,两种双面防辐射织物的这些性能差别不大。
[Abstract]:The function development of fabric by chemical finishing is more and more questioned because of its environmental protection and health hazard, which makes it a hot topic to develop fabric function by changing fabric structure. In this paper, the weaving technology of a new type of dissimilar fabric is first applied to the weaving of radiation resistant fabrics with the combination of woven structure and knitting structure, and a pure physical structure fabric with excellent anti-radiation wear performance is developed. In the semi-automatic needle loom machine developed by the team, traditional yarns (such as yarns blended with wool and acrylic fiber) and radiation-proof yarns (mainly containing cotton, polyester and stainless steel microfilaments) are used for weaving woven fabrics and double-sided fabrics. Weaving knitted fabrics using ordinary knitting machines. The thickness, surface density, gram weight per unit area, air permeability, tensile fracture property, wear resistance, vapor permeability and radiation resistance of the fabric were systematically tested and analyzed. This paper discusses the effect of fabric structure on the efficiency of radiation proof fabric, compares the protective effect of two sides radiation resistant fabric with different raw materials, and the effect of two layers of fabric lamination on the protective effect. In addition, the paper also introduces the blending mode of semi-automatic needle knitting machine and the process of double-sided fabric preparation. Observation of the double-sided fabric shows that it has unique appearance and properties. One surface shows the knitting coil structure and the other shows the woven flat structure. In the tensile test, the tensile fracture properties of double-sided fabrics are slightly higher than those of knitted fabrics and woven fabrics, and the tensile fracture properties of the two kinds of double-sided fabrics are similar, which is also due to the unique structure of double-sided fabrics. It shows a unique tensile fracture phenomenon: when the woven structure is destroyed, the knitted structure on the other side has not been destroyed, but only with the extension of the knitting structure. At the same time, the surface density, gram weight per unit area and thickness of the double-sided fabric are increased and the air permeability is decreased. In the wear resistance experiment, we found that the double-sided fabric has unique wear resistance, also because the knitted structure and the woven structure are combined and distributed on both sides of the fabric. During the friction process, the structure of one side of the fabric is destroyed. The other side of the structure will be destroyed. It is found that the vapor permeability of double-sided fabric is much lower than that of knitted fabric and woven fabric. With the increase of unit area weight, surface density and thickness, the gap between warp and weft yarns decreases, and the resistance of water molecules through the fabric increases, thus reducing the moisture permeability of the fabric. The vapor permeability of both fabrics is similar. In the experiment of electromagnetic shielding protection, it is found that the protective performance of double-sided fabric is much higher than that of knitted fabric and woven fabric, even if the yarn used to change the knitted structure of double-sided fabric is replaced by wool blended yarn instead of radiation-proof yarn, Its protective performance is still higher than that of knitted fabrics and woven fabrics. In addition, when the fabric is laminated, the radiation resistance of the fabric is greatly improved, and the effect of the different lamination modes will also be affected by the 45 掳isotropic lamination, which is better than the 0 掳co-laminated anti-radiation effect. To sum up, the double-sided fabric woven with radiation-proof yarn has the best protective effect. The protective effect of the knitted structure is slightly decreased after replacing the yarn with wool blended yarn, but still higher than that of the ordinary knitted fabric and woven fabric. The protective effect of the same fabric is increased after lamination, and the optimum protective effect is achieved at 45 掳lamination. The surface density, thickness, gram weight per unit area, wear resistance and tensile fracture properties of the two kinds of double-sided fabrics are all increased, but the permeability and vapor permeability of the two kinds of fabrics are decreased, but the difference of these properties between the two kinds of double-sided radiation-proof fabrics is not significant.
【学位授予单位】：武汉纺织大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS186

【参考文献】