聚丙酸氧镁前驱体法氧化镁和氢氧化镁纤维的制备、性能及其机理研究
发布时间:2018-05-31 21:56
本文选题:氧化镁纤维 + 氢氧化镁纤维 ; 参考:《山东大学》2017年硕士论文
【摘要】:氧化镁和氢氧化镁纤维作为一类具有优良性能的一维材料,具有大的长径比和高的比表面积,在耐火材料、复合材料、阻燃剂、废水处理、烟气脱硫、添加剂等领域有着非常重要的应用。本文以氧化镁和丙酸为基础原料,使用溶胶凝胶法制备出了聚丙酸氧镁(PPM)前驱体纤维,热处理后得到纯净的氧化镁和氢氧化镁纤维。通过对前驱体纤维和烧结后的纤维进行热重-差示扫描量热(TG/DSC)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和导热系数等测试,对前驱体纤维的分子结构、不同预处理方式对纤维中有机物分解、结晶性能、微观形貌和导热系数的影响、不同前驱体制备方式对纤维的影响、不同配体对氢氧化镁纤维形成的影响等方面进行了分析。主要研究内容包括以下几个方面:1、以氧化镁和丙酸为原料,使用溶胶凝胶-离心甩丝联用技术制备出了前驱体纤维,将前驱体纤维分别在水蒸气和空气中进行预处理,之后再在烧结炉中烧结,最终得到直径在7~10 μm的氧化镁纤维。研究了前驱体纤维的分子结构式和不同预处理方式对纤维中有机物分解、结晶性能、微观形貌和导热系数的影响。结果表明当前驱体纤维在水蒸气中预处理时在300 ℃~400 ℃有氢氧化镁晶相形成,水蒸气气氛有利于有机物的分解、氧化镁的结晶和表面光滑、致密、无裂纹的纤维的形成,但会导致纤维导热系数的增大,且纤维在烧结到1400 ℃时出现晶粒明显长大的现象。纤维微结构的改变可使氧化镁的导热系数降低。2、以氧化镁和丙酸为原料,使用溶胶凝胶-静电纺丝联用技术制备出了前驱体纤维,将前驱体纤维在空气中烧结后得到了直径在100~350 nm的纳米氧化镁纤维。研究了不同配比和反应条件对溶胶可纺性的影响,得到以丙酸为配体制备静电纺丝溶胶的最佳条件为mPPM粉末:mPVP:m水=1:1.6:0.2,注射速度为0.7 ml/h,电源电压为20 kV,收丝距离为15 cm。通过对纤维的物相分析对比,研究了不同制备方式(离心甩丝法与静电纺丝法)对前驱体和氧化镁纤维的影响,结果表明不同制备方法对前驱体纤维的分子结构,烧结过程中的有机物分解和结晶性能几乎没有影响,但对纤维的形貌影响较大,静电纺丝法制得的氧化镁纤维直径比离心甩丝法减小了约50倍。3、以氧化镁、丙酸、醋酸和柠檬酸为原料,使用溶胶凝胶-离心甩丝联用技术制备出了前驱体纤维,将前驱体纤维在水蒸气中烧结得到纯净的纤维。研究了不同配体对氢氧化镁纤维形成的影响,纤维在烧结过程中的物相变化和氢氧化镁纤维的形貌变化。结果表明使用丙酸和醋酸为配体会出现氢氧化镁晶相,柠檬酸为配体没有氢氧化镁晶相生成,直接出现氧化镁晶相,推测氢氧化镁晶相的产生可能与配体中羧基的数量、空间结构等有关;以丙酸为配体的前驱体纤维烧结到400℃得到了直径在7μm左右、有机物分解完全、结晶性能良好的氢氧化镁纤维。
[Abstract]:Magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide fibers as a class of one-dimensional materials with excellent performance, with large aspect ratio and high specific surface area, in refractories, composites, flame retardants, wastewater treatment, flue gas desulfurization, Additives and other fields have very important applications. In this paper, the PPM-based precursor fibers were prepared by sol-gel method from magnesium oxide and propionic acid, and pure magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide fibers were obtained after heat treatment. The molecular structure of precursor fibers was determined by thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry (TG- DSC-T), FTIR X-ray diffraction (XRDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal conductivity. The effects of different pretreatment methods on the decomposition, crystallization, micromorphology and thermal conductivity of the fibers, the effects of different precursor preparation methods on the fiber formation, and the effects of different ligands on the formation of magnesium hydroxide fibers were analyzed. Then sintered in the sintering furnace, the magnesia fiber with diameter of 7 渭 m and 10 渭 m was obtained. The effects of the molecular structure formula of precursor fiber and different pretreatment methods on the decomposition, crystallization, micromorphology and thermal conductivity of organic matter in the fiber were studied. However, the thermal conductivity of the fibers will increase, and the grain size will grow obviously when the fibers are sintered to 1400 鈩,
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