高温高压对磺化沥青可生化性影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 08:15

  本文选题：磺化沥青 + 高温　； 参考：《西南石油大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：磺化沥青以其良好的防塌、润滑、乳化、降低滤失和高温稳定的性能被广泛应用作钻井液添加剂。磺化沥青多为棕褐色易碎薄片或流动性粉末,结构组成比较复杂且分子量较大,其主要分为沥青磺酸盐、少量的沥青酚盐、无机物、氧化沥青、饱和烃及多环芳香族化合物等,具有高色度、可生化性差等特点,属于难降解有机物。本文以钻井添加剂磺化沥青为研究对象,通过好氧生化实验对磺化沥青的可生化性进行了评价,分别探讨了高温高压下不同反应时间、反应温度、反应压力对磺化沥青可生化性的影响,利用FT-IR与GC-MS分析反应前后磺化沥青的物质组成与官能团变化对可生化性的影响,采用响应曲面法对高温高压法处理磺化沥青的实验参数(时间、温度与压力)进行优化。磺化沥青好氧生化评价其可生化性实验中,最佳培养条件为:MLSS为5000 mg·L-1,恒温28℃培养48h后,磺化沥青的好氧生化COD去除率、CODB/COD与生物降解速率达到最大,为52.61%、0.55和0.0546 h-1。调整高温高压反应时间、反应温度与反应压力考察其对磺化沥青的处理效果。实验结果表明,高温高压处理后磺化沥青的可生化性显著提高,最佳处理条件为:反应时间40 min、反应温度220℃与反应压力11 MPa时达到最大,COD去除率为82.25%,CODB/COD为0.86,生物可降解速率0.1200 h-1。好氧生化降解规律基本一致,遵循一级反应动力学模型,模型对实际数值的拟合性较好,其拟合相关系数很高且达到极显著水平(R20.8409),处理后磺化沥青的生物降解速率增大均大于未经处理的样品生物降解速率常数0.0546 h-1。对高温高压处理前后的样品进行FT-LR与GC-MS分析,结果表明,经高温高压处理后,大分子物质发生裂解形成新的分子,促进磺化沥青的可生化性提高。本研究基于Central Composite的响应面和多元二次回归模型进行优化。由各响应面3D图及相应的等高线图可知,温度与压力的交互作用对COD去除率响应值影响较为显著,而对CODB/COD与生物降解速率的响应值影响较小。分析结果表明,预处理提高磺化沥青可生化性的最优条件是:反应时间为40.91 min,反应温度为220℃,反应压力为11 MPa,通过多元二次回归方程计算得出的CODB/COD为0.8469,而验证实验结果为0.8234,与响应曲面分析预测结果的符合较好。
[Abstract]:Sulfonated bitumen is widely used as drilling fluid additive for its good properties of anti-sloughing, lubricating, emulsifying, reducing filtration and high temperature stability. The sulfonated bitumen is mainly composed of brownish fragile sheet or fluidity powder, and its structure is complex and has a large molecular weight. It is mainly divided into bituminous sulfonates, a small amount of bitumen phenols, inorganic substances, oxidized asphalt, saturated hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic compounds. With high chroma, poor biodegradability and other characteristics, it is difficult to degrade organic matter. In this paper, the biodegradability of sulfonated asphalt was evaluated by aerobic biochemical experiment, and the reaction temperature and reaction time at high temperature and high pressure were discussed. The effect of reaction pressure on the biodegradability of sulfonated asphalt was analyzed by FT-IR and GC-MS. The experimental parameters (time, temperature and pressure) of treating sulfonated asphalt by high temperature and high pressure method were optimized by response surface method. In the experiment of aerobic biochemistry evaluation of sulfonated asphalt, the optimum culture conditions were as follows: 1. MLSs was 5000 mg / L and incubated at 28 鈩，

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