磷酸锆纳米材料用于低渗透油藏注水开发研究
发布时间:2018-06-12 17:03
本文选题:改性α-磷酸锆 + 纳米材料 ; 参考:《西南石油大学》2017年硕士论文
【摘要】:低渗透油藏是我国石油资源的重要组成部分,是油田增储上产的主要领域。目前,低渗透油藏的最主要开发方式是注水开发,但由于低渗透油藏本身具有的低渗透率、孔喉半径小与渗流阻力大等特点,使得其在注水开发过程中普遍存在注水压力高、注水量小等问题。活性纳米材料在解决低渗透油藏注水过程中的高压欠注问题方面已经取得了一定的成果,具有效果优异、施工工艺简单、环境污染小的优点。本文基于α-磷酸锆纳米材料,制备了两种改性α-磷酸锆(疏水性与双亲性)用于低渗透油藏注水开发过程中的降压、增注,并对合成过程、理化性能以及降压增注效果的影响因素进行了研究。(1)选用回流法制备了 α-磷酸锆(α-ZrP),并通过FT-IR、XRD、TGA、SEM、TEM等一系列的表征手段对α-ZrP进行分析测试,证实成功合成了片层状α-ZrP,单分散的α-ZrP颗粒粒径为70 nm左右,属于纳米级别范畴。(2)选用十八烷基异氰酸酯对α-ZrP进行表面的疏水改性,制得疏水改性产物α-ZrP-Ⅰ,并利用FT-IR、XRD、TGA等表征手段对改性产物进行表征,确认了十八烷基异氰酸酯成功接枝到α-ZrP晶体表面,且改性只是发生在α-ZrP的表面,没有插入层间。在疏水改性α-ZrP的基础上,将亲水性四丁基氢氧化铵基团插入到α-ZrP-Ⅰ层间,使其发生剥层反应,制得双亲性的α-ZrP即α-ZrP-Ⅱ。(3)利用动态光散射与环境扫描电镜测试研究了纳米颗粒的分散情况,α-ZrP-Ⅰ与α-ZrP-Ⅱ在低浓度时能够均匀分散,平均粒径均小于100nm,但随浓度的增加,两种纳米颗粒均出现不同程度的团聚现象。(4)α-ZrP-Ⅰ具有明显的疏水性,能够在岩心表面自发吸附形成纳米吸附层,使润湿性发生反转,在200mg/L的浓度时可使岩心切片的接触角达到115°。α-ZrP-Ⅱ能够稳定分散在水中,具有一定的表面活性,cmc为2500 mg/L。(5)通过室内岩心流动实验研究了改性α-ZrP用于低渗透油藏注水开发的降压增注的效果。结果表明α-ZrP-Ⅰ能够起到降低注水压力的效果,最佳质量浓度为50 mg/L注入量为1~2 PV,吸附时间为24 h。在最佳的实验参数条件下,后续水驱压力降低47.23%,水测渗透率为注入纳米材料之前的1.89倍。α-ZrP-Ⅱ不能有效降低注水压力,注入一定浓度的α-ZrP-Ⅱ,后续水驱压力比前期注水略有升高,变化不明显。改性α-ZrP的疏水程度对其降压增注效果具有重要的影响。(6)对α-ZrP-Ⅰ的耐水流冲刷能力研究结果表明,在长时间的后续水驱过程中,岩心的水驱压力变化幅度很小,在累计注水量达到200 PV时仍能够保持在一个较为稳定的水平,表明α-ZrP-Ⅰ具有良好的吸附性能,能够有效地吸附在岩心孔道壁面上。
[Abstract]:Low permeability reservoir is an important part of petroleum resources in China and the main field of increasing oil storage and production. At present, the most important development method of low permeability reservoir is water injection development. However, because of its low permeability, small pore throat radius and large seepage resistance, the low permeability reservoir generally has high water injection pressure in the process of water injection development. Small injection rate and other problems. Active nanomaterials have made some achievements in solving the problem of high pressure underinjection in low permeability reservoir water injection process, which have the advantages of excellent effect, simple construction technology and low environmental pollution. In this paper, two kinds of modified 伪 -zirconium phosphate (hydrophobic and amphiphilic) were prepared based on 伪 -zirconium phosphate nanomaterials. The physical and chemical properties of 伪 -zirconium phosphate (伪 -ZrP) were prepared by reflux method, and the 伪 -ZrP was characterized by a series of characterization methods, such as FT-IRR, XRDX, TGA, SEMTEM, etc. It was proved that the lamellar 伪 -ZrP was successfully synthesized. The size of monodispersed 伪 -ZrP particles was about 70 nm, which belongs to the category of nanometer. (2) 伪 -ZrP- 鈪,
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