中国生态公民身份的逻辑建构—主体性视域的探究

发布时间：2018-06-16 01:38

本文选题：全球生态危机 + 中国生态公民身份　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当今,人与自然关系的矛盾日益凸显,人类盲目追求经济理性,过度开发自然满足人的物质欲望,导致了自然异化的现实困境;科技理性在人类利益驱动下背离其本身所蕴含的环境价值,张扬科技控制自然、解决一切生态问题的工具价值,人类过分依赖科技理性对环境的作用,产生了科技异化的理性困境。诸多原因的碰撞爆发了全球生态危机,严重影响人的正常生活与身心健康。中国作为发展中国家的一员,同样面对严重的生态问题,还经受发达国家生态不公平待遇,急需我们反思人类行为并以人的视角为根本出发点,挖掘出真正解决生态问题的根本路径。笔者被学术界一新颖的概念所吸引-生态公民身份,试图从人的主体性视阈探究中国生态公民身份的逻辑建构,以凸显人在生态事务中的主体性作用,从根本上维护生态平衡。中国生态公民身份在笔者界定中,是不同于西方生态公民身份理论,将公民视为纯粹生态权益的享受者,强调公民的生态权利;或是一味奢望公民对生态保护自觉的美德,公民对生态只有责任而无权利可言;亦或是对全球生态公民的追求,公民既是生态权益的享有者也是生态义务的承担者,但完全否定国家载体作用的机械主义。中国生态公民身份应该是公民生态权益与生态义责的统一,公民具备自觉的生态意识,积极践行生态保护自觉的行动,发挥公民在生态共同体中的功能与能力效用,有效解决全球生态问题。因此,中国生态公民身份的逻辑建构,就要考虑公民的生态主体性作用。从公民主体生成机制强化、巩固中国生态公民身份这一线索建构中国生态公民身份。中国生态公民身份的建构借鉴西方生态公民身份理论,如何避免机械套用则成为关键。我们要认清中西方语境区别,以批判性的立场对西方生态公民身份理论扬弃,坚定以马克思主义生态哲学观作为中国生态公民身份建构的理论基础。这一建构过程需关注公民主体在生态问题治理的缺失、受经济理性与技术理性的蒙蔽消解了主体性的作用;政府主体决策的垄断、公民社会不成熟导致群体对公民主体确立的阻碍;国与国之间主体不平等导致生态公民身份不明确,生态问题难以有效解决等现实困境。因此,本文从中国生态公民主体生成机制的形成促进身份建构,以公民个体、社会群体、全球人类主体的主体性三个维度为考量,最终实现中国生态公民主体性机制的生成,成为中国生态公民身份建构的核心机制。中国生态公民身份建构是主体性生成的过程,不是受人类非理性行为主宰的主体性消失的过程。中国需以发展中国家的立场,充分发挥主体性作用,以本国生态公民身份建构推动全球生态公民身份建构,促进国家间的合作的政治意愿,以正义为首要原则,为所有发展中国家争取更多生态话语权,实现全球生态问题的有效治理。全球生态公民身份是中国生态公民身份建构的最终诉求。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the contradiction between human and nature is becoming more and more obvious. Human beings blindly pursue economic rationality, overexploitation naturally meets the material desire of human beings, and leads to the realistic predicament of natural alienation. The scientific and technological rationality deviates from its own environmental value driven by human interests, and Zhang Yangke controls nature and solves the tool value of all ecological problems. Human beings are too dependent on the role of scientific and technological rationality to the environment, which has produced a rational predicament of the alienation of science and technology. The impact of many causes broke out of the global ecological crisis and seriously affected the normal life and physical and mental health of the people. China, as a member of the developing countries, also faced serious ecological problems, and was also subjected to the ecological unfair treatment of the developed countries. We need to reflect on human behavior and take human perspective as the fundamental starting point to excavate the fundamental path to solve the ecological problems. The author is attracted by a new concept of the academic community - ecological citizenship, trying to explore the logical construction of Chinese ecological citizenship from the perspective of human subjectivity, in order to highlight the subjectivity of people in ecological affairs. In the author's definition, China's ecological citizenship is different from the western ecological citizenship theory, regards citizens as the enjoyment of pure ecological rights and interests, emphasizes the ecological rights of citizens, or the virtues of citizens' consciousness of ecological protection, and citizens have only responsibility to ecology and have no rights to speak. Or the pursuit of global ecological citizens, citizens are not only the enjoyment of ecological rights and interests, but also the bearers of ecological obligations, but completely negate the mechanism of the role of the national carrier. The ecological citizenship of China should be the unity of citizens' ecological rights and ecological responsibility, the citizens have a conscious ecological consciousness, and actively practice the consciousness of ecological protection. Move, give full play to the function and ability utility of citizens in the ecological community, effectively solve the global ecological problems. Therefore, the logical construction of China's ecological citizenship should consider the role of the citizen's ecological subjectivity. The Chinese ecological citizenship should be constructed from the formation mechanism of the citizen subject and the Chinese ecological citizenship. The construction of state citizenship is based on the western ecological citizenship theory, and how to avoid mechanical application is the key. We should recognize the differences between the Chinese and Western contexts, the critical standpoint of the western ecological citizenship theory, and the theory of Marx's ecological philosophy as the theoretical basis for the construction of Chinese Ecological citizenship. The construction process needs to pay attention to the absence of the civil subject in the ecological problem governance, the role of economic rationality and technical rationality, the monopoly of the decision of the government, the immaturity of the civil society and the hindrance to the establishment of the citizens; the indifference between the state and the state leads to the uncertainty of the ecological citizenship and the difficulty of the ecological problem. In order to effectively solve the realistic predicament, this paper, from the formation of the formation mechanism of the Chinese ecological citizen body, promotes the identity construction, takes the three dimensions of the citizen individual, the social group and the subjectivity of the global human body as the consideration, and finally realizes the formation of the mechanism of Chinese ecological citizen subjectivity, and becomes the core mechanism of the construction of China's ecological citizenship. The construction of China's ecological citizenship is the process of the formation of the subjectivity, not the process of disappearance of the subjectivity dominated by human irrational behavior. China needs to take the position of the developing countries, give full play to the role of the main body, and promote the political will of the global ecological citizen construction and promote the cooperation among the countries with its own ecological citizenship. Taking justice as the principal principle, all developing countries should strive for more Ecological Discourse and realize the effective governance of global ecological problems. The global ecological citizenship is the ultimate demand for the construction of China's ecological citizenship.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D032;X2

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