功能化聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的制备与研究
发布时间：2018-07-15 07:21
【摘要】：液喷纺丝技术即利用高压高速气流来直接牵伸聚合物溶液制备超细纤维的技术,该纺丝方法结合了传统熔喷法产业化生产纤维和当代静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的优势,具有工艺简单、耗能低、生产效率高等优点,是一种制备微纳米纤维的新技术。本文以液喷纺丝技术为基础,通过模板法制备出功能性纳米纤维材料,并研究了其相关的应用性能。取得了一些有应用价值的研究成果:1.聚苯胺(PANI)/聚丙烯腈(PAN)核壳纤维毡:通过液喷纺丝技术制备了 PAN纳米纤维毡。通过调整纺丝过程中的工艺参数来获得直径均一的PAN纳米纤维毡。接着利用原位聚合法制备了 PANI/PAN核壳纳米纤维毡,对其导电性能进行了测试,通过设计正交试验对实验条件进行优化,可以得到导电率高达8.22 × 10-3 S/cm的复合纤维毡。最后,基于PANI对溶液中Cr(VI)离子的良好吸附能力,我们对PANI/PAN对Cr(VI)的吸附性能进行了详细的研究,研究结果表明:该复合纤维对Cr(VI)离子的吸附能力随着pH的降低而增加,对低浓度的Cr(VI)离子具有较好的吸附效果。复合纤维毡对Cr(VI)离子的吸附过程符合假二级吸附模型,等温吸附过程复合朗谬尔(Langmuir)等温吸附模型,该复合纤维毡具有良好的循环再生性能,此外,我们对其吸附和再生机理进行了研究。2.Cu_xS/PAN复合纤维:首先,利用液喷纺制得PAN纳米纤维毡,然后通过铜盐化学反应制备导电PAN纤维毡,经导电性测试发现该纤维具有优越的导电性,电导率可以达到4.81 S/cm。该方法是一种在纤维表面发生化学反应,形成金属化合物导电覆盖层的方法。研究发现,由于铜离子与聚丙烯腈纤维上的氰基之间具有螯合作用,导电层不易脱落,耐久性较好。我们对工艺参数对产品导电性能的影响进行了详细的研究。通过测试证明所制备的导电PAN纤维毡的导电层以硫化铜(CuS)和五硫化九铜(Cu_9S_5)为主。该复合纤维具有良好的电磁屏蔽性能,在10 MHz到3000 MHz范围内,其电磁屏蔽效能可以达到27～31 dB,可用于一般工业或商业用电子产品。
[Abstract]:The technology of liquid jet spinning is to use high pressure and high speed air flow to directly draw polymer solution to produce ultrafine fiber. This spinning method combines the advantages of traditional melt blown technology and electrospinning to produce nanofibers. It has the advantages of simple process, low energy consumption and high production efficiency. Based on the technology of liquid jet spinning, functional nanofibers were prepared by template method, and their application properties were studied. Some valuable research results have been obtained: 1. Polyaniline (pani) / polyacrylonitrile (pan) core-shell fiber felt: pan nanofiber felt was prepared by liquid jet spinning technique. Pan nanofiber felt with uniform diameter was obtained by adjusting the process parameters during spinning. Then the pani / pan core-shell nanofiber felt was prepared by in-situ polymerization, and its electrical conductivity was tested. The composite fiber felt with conductivity up to 8.22 脳 10 ~ (-3) S / cm was obtained by orthogonal experiment. Finally, based on the good adsorption ability of pani to Cr (VI) ions in solution, we studied the adsorption properties of pan on Cr (VI) ions in detail. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of the composite fibers for Cr (VI) ions increased with the decrease of pH. The adsorption effect of Cr (VI) ion with low concentration is better. The adsorption process of Cr (VI) ion on composite fiber felt was in accordance with the pseudo-secondary adsorption model, and the complex Langmuir isotherm adsorption model during isothermal adsorption process. The composite fiber felt had good recycling and regeneration performance. We studied the mechanism of adsorption and regeneration. 2. CuxS / pan composite fiber: firstly, pan nanofiber felt was prepared by liquid spray spinning, and then conductive pan fiber felt was prepared by copper salt chemical reaction. It is found that the fiber has excellent conductivity and the conductivity can reach 4.81 S / cm ~ (-1). This method is a chemical reaction on the surface of the fiber to form a conductive coating of metal compounds. It is found that the conductive layer is not easy to fall off due to the chelating effect between copper ion and cyanide group on polyacrylonitrile fiber. The effect of process parameters on the electrical conductivity of the product was studied in detail. It was proved that the conductive layers of the conductive pan fiber felt were copper sulfide (CuS) and cuprous pentasulfide (CuS _ 9S _ 5). The composite fiber has good electromagnetic shielding performance. In the range of 10 MHz to 3000 MHz, the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the composite fiber can reach 2731 dB, which can be used in general industrial or commercial electronic products.
【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ342.31
本文编号：2123280
[Abstract]:The technology of liquid jet spinning is to use high pressure and high speed air flow to directly draw polymer solution to produce ultrafine fiber. This spinning method combines the advantages of traditional melt blown technology and electrospinning to produce nanofibers. It has the advantages of simple process, low energy consumption and high production efficiency. Based on the technology of liquid jet spinning, functional nanofibers were prepared by template method, and their application properties were studied. Some valuable research results have been obtained: 1. Polyaniline (pani) / polyacrylonitrile (pan) core-shell fiber felt: pan nanofiber felt was prepared by liquid jet spinning technique. Pan nanofiber felt with uniform diameter was obtained by adjusting the process parameters during spinning. Then the pani / pan core-shell nanofiber felt was prepared by in-situ polymerization, and its electrical conductivity was tested. The composite fiber felt with conductivity up to 8.22 脳 10 ~ (-3) S / cm was obtained by orthogonal experiment. Finally, based on the good adsorption ability of pani to Cr (VI) ions in solution, we studied the adsorption properties of pan on Cr (VI) ions in detail. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of the composite fibers for Cr (VI) ions increased with the decrease of pH. The adsorption effect of Cr (VI) ion with low concentration is better. The adsorption process of Cr (VI) ion on composite fiber felt was in accordance with the pseudo-secondary adsorption model, and the complex Langmuir isotherm adsorption model during isothermal adsorption process. The composite fiber felt had good recycling and regeneration performance. We studied the mechanism of adsorption and regeneration. 2. CuxS / pan composite fiber: firstly, pan nanofiber felt was prepared by liquid spray spinning, and then conductive pan fiber felt was prepared by copper salt chemical reaction. It is found that the fiber has excellent conductivity and the conductivity can reach 4.81 S / cm ~ (-1). This method is a chemical reaction on the surface of the fiber to form a conductive coating of metal compounds. It is found that the conductive layer is not easy to fall off due to the chelating effect between copper ion and cyanide group on polyacrylonitrile fiber. The effect of process parameters on the electrical conductivity of the product was studied in detail. It was proved that the conductive layers of the conductive pan fiber felt were copper sulfide (CuS) and cuprous pentasulfide (CuS _ 9S _ 5). The composite fiber has good electromagnetic shielding performance. In the range of 10 MHz to 3000 MHz, the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the composite fiber can reach 2731 dB, which can be used in general industrial or commercial electronic products.
【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ342.31
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