英国空气污染治理研究
发布时间：2018-07-20 18:26
【摘要】：随着社会与经济的飞速发展,环境问题日益凸显,空气污染问题更是急待解决。作为世界上第一个进入工业时代的国家英国,在治理空气污染问题上已经经历了两个多世纪的探索。本文旨在研究英国在治理空气污染问题上多年以来(尤其是工业革命之后)的探索,探讨英国在空气污染治理上的立法、企业政策、科技和民众环保意识等方面的发展,对各方面存在的问题进行讨论并对未来短期发展进行预估。本文首先阐明了英国在加入欧盟之前与之后的空气污染治理状况,阐述了两阶段英国的空气政策和立法。期间对相关重要立法的成效与执法力度进行了讨论。作者认为在20世纪初期,英国立法虽明令要求污染物排放需达到相应的标准,但因执法力度不严,英国早期针对空气污染的立法没有收到期待的成效。在英国加入欧盟后,随着经济与社会的发展及民众对空气污染的认识加深,更兼得欧盟在空气污染方面的严格立法与审查标准,英国空气质量随之提升。然后本文分析了英国政府对企业及工厂的规定与政策。其中讨论了这些政策对企业及工厂的利弊所在,以及英国政府对企业及工厂规定的变化。作者认为英国政府在对企业和工厂并未做到严格要求,早期政策中的相关罚款也是隔靴搔痒,并未引起企业和工厂的足够重视;此外,由英国政府对企业和工厂的早期政策可见,大多相关规定遵循的是先污染,后治理的策略。在1952年伦敦烟雾事件后,才逐渐转好。此后,论文探讨了科技发展、放弃传统能源并使用新能源为英国空气质量带来的变化,以及在交通上英国作出的改变,以及民众、环保团体、和媒体在推动空气质量优化上的作用。作者认为,民众参与、媒体监督、科技发展与国家立法和相关政策环环相扣,相互协调与合作才推进了英国空气质量改革的进程。论文的最后探讨了英国空气治理的经验给中国在空气治理上带来的思考。认为中国因时代不同、背景不同,不可以全盘遵照英国治理空气污染的政策,而是应该在国情和现状上,吸取英国的经验教训,在空气污染立法上严格立法,严格执法,不再走先污染后治理的老路,应以预防为主,建立更健全的空气检测系统,鼓励民众与媒体积极参与、主动监督,一同维护空气质量。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of society and economy, environmental problems become increasingly prominent, and air pollution problem needs to be solved urgently. As the first country in the world to enter the industrial age, Britain has experienced more than two centuries of exploration on the problem of air pollution. The purpose of this paper is to study the development of British legislation, corporate policy, science and technology, and environmental awareness on air pollution control, especially after the Industrial Revolution. Discuss the existing problems and predict the short-term development in the future. This paper first expounds the situation of air pollution control before and after Britain's accession to the European Union, and expounds the British air policy and legislation in two stages. During this period, the effectiveness and enforcement of relevant important legislation were discussed. The author thinks that in the early 20th century, although the British legislation required that the pollutant discharge should reach the corresponding standard, but because of the law enforcement is not strict, the early British air pollution legislation did not receive the expected results. After Britain joined the European Union, with the development of economy and society and people's understanding of air pollution, as well as the EU's strict legislation and standards on air pollution, the British air quality has been improved. Then this paper analyzes the British government's regulations and policies on enterprises and factories. It discusses the pros and cons of these policies for businesses and factories, and changes in the British government's regulations on enterprises and factories. The author believes that the British government does not have strict requirements on enterprises and factories, and that the fines imposed in the early policies are not enough attention to enterprises and factories. As can be seen from the British government's early policies on enterprises and factories, most of the regulations follow a strategy of pollution first and then governance. Only after the London smog of 1952 did it get better. Since then, the paper has looked at technological developments, the changes that have been brought about by the abandonment of traditional energy and the use of new sources of energy for British air quality, as well as changes in transport in the UK, as well as people, environmental groups, And the role of the media in promoting air quality optimization. The author believes that public participation, media supervision, scientific and technological development, national legislation and related policies, mutual coordination and cooperation to promote the British air quality reform process. Finally, the paper discusses the experience of British air treatment to China in the air management thinking. It is believed that because of different times and different backgrounds, China should not completely follow the British policy of controlling air pollution, but should draw lessons from the experience of the United Kingdom and strictly legislate and enforce the air pollution legislation in terms of the national conditions and the present situation. Instead of taking the old road of pollution first and then controlling, we should focus on prevention, establish a more perfect air detection system, encourage people and the media to participate actively, take the initiative to supervise and maintain air quality together.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X51
本文编号：2134374
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of society and economy, environmental problems become increasingly prominent, and air pollution problem needs to be solved urgently. As the first country in the world to enter the industrial age, Britain has experienced more than two centuries of exploration on the problem of air pollution. The purpose of this paper is to study the development of British legislation, corporate policy, science and technology, and environmental awareness on air pollution control, especially after the Industrial Revolution. Discuss the existing problems and predict the short-term development in the future. This paper first expounds the situation of air pollution control before and after Britain's accession to the European Union, and expounds the British air policy and legislation in two stages. During this period, the effectiveness and enforcement of relevant important legislation were discussed. The author thinks that in the early 20th century, although the British legislation required that the pollutant discharge should reach the corresponding standard, but because of the law enforcement is not strict, the early British air pollution legislation did not receive the expected results. After Britain joined the European Union, with the development of economy and society and people's understanding of air pollution, as well as the EU's strict legislation and standards on air pollution, the British air quality has been improved. Then this paper analyzes the British government's regulations and policies on enterprises and factories. It discusses the pros and cons of these policies for businesses and factories, and changes in the British government's regulations on enterprises and factories. The author believes that the British government does not have strict requirements on enterprises and factories, and that the fines imposed in the early policies are not enough attention to enterprises and factories. As can be seen from the British government's early policies on enterprises and factories, most of the regulations follow a strategy of pollution first and then governance. Only after the London smog of 1952 did it get better. Since then, the paper has looked at technological developments, the changes that have been brought about by the abandonment of traditional energy and the use of new sources of energy for British air quality, as well as changes in transport in the UK, as well as people, environmental groups, And the role of the media in promoting air quality optimization. The author believes that public participation, media supervision, scientific and technological development, national legislation and related policies, mutual coordination and cooperation to promote the British air quality reform process. Finally, the paper discusses the experience of British air treatment to China in the air management thinking. It is believed that because of different times and different backgrounds, China should not completely follow the British policy of controlling air pollution, but should draw lessons from the experience of the United Kingdom and strictly legislate and enforce the air pollution legislation in terms of the national conditions and the present situation. Instead of taking the old road of pollution first and then controlling, we should focus on prevention, establish a more perfect air detection system, encourage people and the media to participate actively, take the initiative to supervise and maintain air quality together.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X51
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