改性PTFE膜及其层压织物的研制

发布时间：2018-07-24 19:54

【摘要】：集多功能于一体的PTFE微孔膜防水透湿层压织物在防护服领域具有明显的优势,受到了广大消费者的青睐,一直以来都是人们研究的热点。本文首先采用高温处理法对PTFE膜进行改性与优选,制得具有较强疏水性和黏附性的PTFE膜,解决了其疏水性和黏附性不能兼得的难题;接着,对高密涤纶织物进行不同温度的压光处理并进行性能测试与优选;最后,将PTFE膜与高密涤纶织物进行复合制得层压织物,对复合工艺进行了优化,并对相关的性能进行了测试与分析,主要探讨了高温改性对PTFE膜黏附性的影响及热压工艺对最终织物性能的影响,这可为以后层压织物的设计开发工作提供理论依据和合理化建议。主要内容与结论如下:PTFE微孔膜经过高温改性后,浸润性和黏附性发生了显著的变化。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和示差扫描量热仪(DSC)对改性前后PTFE膜的形貌结构、粗糙度和结晶度进行测试表征,借助光学视频接触角测量仪和DCAT 21表/界面张力仪研究了PTFE膜表面的浸润性和黏附性。结果表明,随温度的升高,接触角呈递增的趋势,黏附性亦有相同的规律;结晶度和表面粗糙度随着改性温度的升高而减小。对PTFE膜进行初步的筛选,把改性温度260℃、320℃和380℃的膜作为层压织物的里层。对高密涤纶织物进行不同温度的压光处理,得到12种不同织物。借助电脑式织物透湿仪、织物渗水性测定仪和自制滚动角测量仪等,对上述织物进行了测试与表征,研究了定型与压光温度对高密织物润湿、黏附性的影响。结果表明,接触角随着定型温度与压光温度的升高有先增大后减小的趋向。以接触角、黏附力、透湿性和耐水压等作为参考指标进行优选,在定型温度150℃、压光温度180℃的工艺条件下制备的高密涤纶织物为最佳选择。另外,通过对织物进行不同温度的收缩整理,来进一步研究孔径对润湿、黏附性的影响。将较优的PTFE膜与高密涤纶织物进行复合制得层压织物,通过剥离强力的测试来确定最优的改性PTFE膜。控制不同的上胶量、热压温度、热压压力等参数来探究层压工艺对制品性能的影响,进而对工艺进行了优化,并探讨了黏附性和层压工艺的联系。结果表明,经过260℃的高温改性后的PTFE膜是层压织物的最佳选择;热压温度100℃、热压压力0.3 MPa及上胶量31.8 g/m2是制备PTFE膜复合织物的最优层压工艺;材料黏附性越强,粘结得越牢固,在粘结牢度相同的情况下,可以使用更少的上胶量,这样就会较少地堵塞制品内部的空隙,有利于透湿功能的实现,并且最终织物的手感、悬垂性更加优异。在最优条件下制得的PTFE层压织物具有优异的防水透湿性能,透湿量达5108g/(m2·24h),同时具有良好的手感和悬垂性,适用于功能防护服装领域。
[Abstract]:The PTFE microporous membrane waterproof and moisture permeable laminated fabric with multi-function has obvious advantages in the field of protective clothing and has been favored by the majority of consumers and has always been a hot research topic. In this paper, the PTFE membrane was modified and selected by high temperature treatment, and the PTFE film with strong hydrophobicity and adhesion was prepared, which solved the problem that the hydrophobicity and adhesion could not be obtained simultaneously. The high density polyester fabric was treated with calendering at different temperatures, and the properties were tested and selected. Finally, the laminated fabric was prepared by combining PTFE film with high density polyester fabric, and the composite process was optimized. The influence of high temperature modification on the adhesion of PTFE film and the effect of hot pressing on the final fabric properties were discussed. This can provide theoretical basis and reasonable suggestions for the design and development of laminated fabrics. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: after high temperature modification, the wettability and adhesion of PTFE microporous membrane have changed significantly. Scanning electron microscope (SEM),) atomic force microscope (AFM) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were used to characterize the morphology, roughness and crystallinity of PTFE films. The wettability and adhesion of PTFE film surface were studied by means of optical video contact angle measuring instrument and DCAT 21 meter / interfacial tension meter. The results show that the contact angle increases with the increase of temperature and the adhesion is the same, and the crystallinity and surface roughness decrease with the increase of temperature. The PTFE film was selected as the inner layer of the laminated fabric at 260 鈩，

本文编号：2142481