温压炸药在不同环境下爆炸冲击波的仿真与试验研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 20:09

【摘要】：本文主要通过理论分析、数值模拟、敞开空间静爆试验、有限空间静爆试验四种方法,研究了不同配方的温压炸药在不同环境中的爆炸冲击波特性。通过理论研究,阐述分析了温压炸药在敞开空间中作用机理及其冲击波的传播规律;结合数值模拟软件AUTODYN,阐述分析了温压炸药在有限空间中的作用机理,以及准静态压力的经验计算公式。通过对不同装药参数的温压炸药在敞开空间中的爆炸过程进行数值模拟研究,确定能够使温压炸药爆轰较为完全的中心传爆药比例、中心传爆药密度与主装药装药密度。装药参数对爆炸近场的冲击波超压值有一定影响,而对爆炸中远场的影响较小。当中心传爆药比例为8%、中心传爆药装药密度为1.753、主装药装药密度为1.95时,温压炸药在爆炸近场冲击波超压值最高。通过对不同壳体约束强度的温压炸药进行野外静爆试验,运用AUTODYN软件对该过程进行数值模拟,得到了壳体约束强度对温压炸药爆炸特性的影响规律。裸装药爆炸冲击波参数值、冲击波衰减速率和后燃峰压力值大于带壳装药,铝壳体装药爆炸冲击波参数值、冲击波衰减速率和后燃峰压力值较钢壳体装药高;数值模拟得到的冲击波曲线形态、峰值及冲量与试验结果吻合较好,且裸装药爆炸冲击波的后燃峰到达时间较带壳装药早,铝壳体装药爆炸冲击波的后燃峰到达时间较钢早;初始冲击波超压值受壳体厚度影响较大,壳体的存在使冲击波的传播滞后。通过有限空间中的静爆试验,研究密闭条件下铝氧摩尔比对温压炸药爆炸性能的影响,在有限空间中测量了不同铝氧摩尔比温压炸药的冲击波峰值超压、冲量与准静态压力值,并用AUTODYN软件对该过程进行数值模拟。当温压炸药铝氧摩尔比在0.5～0.8之间时,冲击波峰值超压、冲量与准静态压力值较高,能量输出效应较佳;数值模拟得到的冲击波曲线形态、峰值超压、冲量及准静态压力与试验结果吻合较好;采用Miller余项能较为合理地描述温压炸药的后燃特性。
[Abstract]:Through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, open space static explosion test and finite space static explosion test, the shock wave characteristics of different formulations of warm and pressed explosives in different environments are studied in this paper. Through theoretical research, the mechanism of action of warm pressure explosive in open space and the propagation law of shock wave are expounded and analyzed, and the mechanism of action of temperature and pressure explosive in finite space is analyzed in combination with the numerical simulation software AUTODYN. And the empirical formula of quasi static pressure. Through the numerical simulation of the explosion process of the warm pressure explosive with different charge parameters in the open space, the ratio of the center detonation charge, the central detonating charge density and the main charge density which can make the temperature and pressure explosive detonation more complete are determined. The charge parameters have a certain influence on the shock wave overpressure in the near field of the explosion, but have little effect on the far field in the explosion. When the ratio of the central explosive to the charge is 8, the charge density of the central explosive is 1.753 and the main charge density is 1.95, the overpressure value of the warm pressure explosive is the highest in the near field blast wave. Through the field static detonation test of warm pressure explosive with different shell confinement strength, the numerical simulation of the process is carried out by using AUTODYN software, and the influence of shell confinement strength on the explosion characteristics of warm pressure explosive is obtained. The explosion shock wave parameters, shock wave attenuation rate and post-combustion peak pressure of bare charge are higher than those of shell charge, and the parameters of explosion shock wave, shock wave attenuation rate and post-combustion peak pressure of aluminum shell charge are higher than those of steel shell charge. The shape, peak value and impulse of shock wave obtained by numerical simulation are in good agreement with experimental results, and the arrival time of post-combustion peak of blast wave of bare charge is earlier than that of shell charge, and that of aluminum shell explosive shock wave is earlier than that of steel. The initial shock wave overpressure is greatly affected by the thickness of the shell, and the existence of the shell makes the propagation of the shock wave lag. The effect of Al-O _ 2 molar ratio on explosive explosion performance under confined conditions was studied by static explosion test in finite space. The shock wave peak overpressure, impulse and quasi-static pressure of different Al-O molar ratios were measured in finite space. The process is numerically simulated with AUTODYN software. When the Al-O molar ratio of the explosive is between 0.5 and 0.8, the shock wave peak pressure, impulse and quasi-static pressure value are higher, the energy output effect is better, the shape of the shock wave curve obtained by numerical simulation, the peak overpressure, The impulse and quasi-static pressure agree well with the test results, and the residual term of Miller can reasonably describe the post-combustion characteristics of warm pressure explosive.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ560.7

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