生活垃圾破碎机特性实验与数值模拟研究
发布时间：2018-07-31 17:36
【摘要】：在城市生活垃圾进行二次利用之前,经常会进行垃圾破碎预处理。在城市生活垃圾破碎机的设计制造和使用的过程中,主要考虑的因素有破碎效果、扬尘问题,以及振动问题。本文研究设计了一种新型双轴偏轴可调速的城市生活垃圾破碎机,并利用实验与数值模拟,对其破碎、扬尘抑制与振动特性进行了分析与优化。以刀片转速为研究对象,进行了单因素实验,结果显示刀片转速对破碎后的颗粒粒径有一定的影响。然后对破碎机进行了三因素(刀片距,轴距,转速)三水平的正交试验,结果表明低速破碎刀对物料的破碎效果较差;但随着转速的提升,小粒径颗粒在破碎后产品中的占比先提升后降低。基于计算流体力学,对所设计的城市生活垃圾破碎机内部的流场进行了模拟计算,研究分析扬尘抑制的方法。通过对不同工况下内部流场云图的分析,可知增大两破碎刀轴的轴间距,或减小刀片的转速可以减轻飞料现象。据此提出了偏轴破碎的优化设计方案,并进行了建模和模拟计算。可知偏轴设计的城市生活垃圾破碎机能够在尽量减轻入料口飞料现象的条件下,获得较高的刀片转速,同时偏轴设计的城市生活垃圾破碎机可使出料口处的物料能够较为集中地从中间部分下料。基于有限元分析理论对城市生活垃圾破碎机进行了模态分析,对其振动特性进行研究。通过分析,得出了破碎机前六阶的固有频率和振型;分析城市生活垃圾破碎机结构强度较为薄弱的区域为出料口挡板,其在破碎机优化后的转速范围内有两个共振频率点;在刀片最优转速工作区域中,电机及破碎刀片具有两组需要避免的转速。
[Abstract]:Before the secondary utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW), garbage crushing and preprocessing are often carried out. In the process of design, manufacture and use of municipal solid waste crusher, the main factors considered are crushing effect, dust raising and vibration. In this paper, a new type of municipal solid waste crusher, which can adjust the speed of biaxial offset shaft, is designed. The characteristics of crushing, dust suppression and vibration are analyzed and optimized by experiment and numerical simulation. The single factor experiment was carried out with the blade speed as the research object. The results showed that the blade speed had a certain effect on the particle size after crushing. Then the orthogonal test of three factors (blade distance, wheelbase, rotational speed) was carried out on the crusher. The results showed that the low speed crusher had a poor crushing effect on the material, but with the increase of the speed, The fraction of small particle size in the broken product increased first and then decreased. Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the flow field in the crusher of municipal solid waste (MSW) was simulated, and the method of dust suppression was studied and analyzed. Through the analysis of the cloud diagram of the internal flow field under different working conditions, it can be seen that increasing the axial spacing of the two broken tool shafts or reducing the speed of the blade can reduce the phenomenon of the flying material. Based on this, the optimal design scheme of shaft breaking is put forward, and the modeling and simulation are carried out. It can be seen that the urban domestic waste crusher designed on the skew shaft can obtain higher blade speed under the condition of minimizing the phenomenon of the inlet flying material. At the same time, the shaft design of the municipal solid waste crusher can make the materials at the outlet can be concentrated from the middle part of the material. Based on the theory of finite element analysis, the modal analysis and vibration characteristics of municipal solid waste crusher are studied. The natural frequency and vibration pattern of the first six steps of the crusher are obtained by analysis, and the region of the weak structure strength of the MSW crusher is the outlet baffle, which has two resonance frequency points in the optimized speed range of the crusher. In the optimal speed working area of the blade, the motor and the broken blade have two sets of rotational speed to avoid.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X799.3
本文编号：2156336
[Abstract]:Before the secondary utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW), garbage crushing and preprocessing are often carried out. In the process of design, manufacture and use of municipal solid waste crusher, the main factors considered are crushing effect, dust raising and vibration. In this paper, a new type of municipal solid waste crusher, which can adjust the speed of biaxial offset shaft, is designed. The characteristics of crushing, dust suppression and vibration are analyzed and optimized by experiment and numerical simulation. The single factor experiment was carried out with the blade speed as the research object. The results showed that the blade speed had a certain effect on the particle size after crushing. Then the orthogonal test of three factors (blade distance, wheelbase, rotational speed) was carried out on the crusher. The results showed that the low speed crusher had a poor crushing effect on the material, but with the increase of the speed, The fraction of small particle size in the broken product increased first and then decreased. Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the flow field in the crusher of municipal solid waste (MSW) was simulated, and the method of dust suppression was studied and analyzed. Through the analysis of the cloud diagram of the internal flow field under different working conditions, it can be seen that increasing the axial spacing of the two broken tool shafts or reducing the speed of the blade can reduce the phenomenon of the flying material. Based on this, the optimal design scheme of shaft breaking is put forward, and the modeling and simulation are carried out. It can be seen that the urban domestic waste crusher designed on the skew shaft can obtain higher blade speed under the condition of minimizing the phenomenon of the inlet flying material. At the same time, the shaft design of the municipal solid waste crusher can make the materials at the outlet can be concentrated from the middle part of the material. Based on the theory of finite element analysis, the modal analysis and vibration characteristics of municipal solid waste crusher are studied. The natural frequency and vibration pattern of the first six steps of the crusher are obtained by analysis, and the region of the weak structure strength of the MSW crusher is the outlet baffle, which has two resonance frequency points in the optimized speed range of the crusher. In the optimal speed working area of the blade, the motor and the broken blade have two sets of rotational speed to avoid.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X799.3
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