常温可溶玉米淀粉浆料制备及其上浆性能研究

发布时间：2018-11-15 13:05

【摘要】：节能降耗减排是纺织行业可持续发展的关键,是纺织行业由粗犷模式向低碳、绿色、循环经济模式转型升级的有效途径。对于棉纱浆纱工序来说,解决好上浆能耗和退浆污染是关键,除了改进上浆工艺之外,开发一种能够实现低温上浆、易退浆、废浆易降解的浆料可以取得事半功倍的效果。本文以玉米原淀粉为原材料,制备常温可溶(normaltemperature water soluble,NTWS)玉米淀粉,并对其理化性能、浆液性能、浆膜性能及浆纱性能进行系统的研究分析,为棉纱低温上浆技术的发展提供实验依据和参考。本文首先从NTWS玉米淀粉的制备工艺和原理入手,制备不同常温溶解度的NTWS玉米淀粉,对其颗粒形貌、热学特性等理化性能进行研究,并与玉米原淀粉进行对比分析;同时,根据浆液粘度、粘附力和抗老化性能筛选出具有最优高温浆液性能的NTWS玉米淀粉。其次,以筛选出的NTWS玉米淀粉浆料为研究对象,改变调浆温度,控制调浆温度范围为60℃-80℃,以浆液粘度、粘附力等指标表征浆液性能,以浆膜强度、浆膜磨耗等指标表征浆膜性能,研究低温调浆对NTWS玉米淀粉浆液、浆膜性能的影响。最后,以40S纯棉纱线为实验对象,使用NTWS玉米淀粉浆料对其进行低温单纱上浆,优化上浆温度、浆纱速度和上浆压力等浆纱工艺参数;同时,与纺织厂常用的高温上浆的氧化淀粉浆料的上浆性能进行对比,研究分析NTWS玉米淀粉的浆纱性能,为今后低温上浆浆料的研究和开发提供参考。研究结果表明:(1)与玉米原淀粉相比,NTWS玉米淀粉颗粒扭曲变形,出现中心孔洞,偏光现象消失;NTWS玉米淀粉的糊化吸热反应现象基本消失,淀粉分子的主链成分无明显变化。(2)常温溶解度增加,NTWS玉米淀粉颗粒扭曲变形程度逐渐增大,浆液粘度逐渐减小,粘附力出现一定幅度的下降,透光率随常温溶解度的升高而上升。NTWS玉米淀粉颗粒的扭曲变形在常温溶解度为95.48%时达到最高,此时,偏光现象消失,DSC曲线无特征吸收峰,淀粉分子链成分变化不大,浆液粘度最低,为1.1m Pa?s,抗老化性能最好,透光率可达88.29%,粘附强力有微幅下降,为48.97N,高于同条件下氧化淀粉的粘附力。(3)在较高的调浆温度下,NTWS玉米淀粉的浆液性能较好,在较低的调浆温度下,NTWS玉米淀粉的浆膜性能较好。在60℃-80℃的调浆温度下,浆液粘度低且热稳定性优异,NTWS玉米淀粉浆膜断裂强度高,断裂伸长小,浆膜吸湿率受到调浆温度的影响不大;随着调浆温度升高,浆液粘附力增加,粘度降低,抗老化性能提升,浆膜的断裂强度呈现下降趋势,浆膜磨耗逐渐增加,浆膜水溶时间减少;且当调浆温度低于70℃时,浆液透光率急剧下降,浆膜的断裂强度大幅提升,浆膜磨耗明显降低。(4)经过预湿后的纱线,浆纱耐磨性能得到很大提升;上浆温度升高,浆纱断裂强力增加,浆纱耐磨性能出现一定程度的降低;浆纱速度的提高对纱线的耐磨性能提升较大;较高的上浆压力使得浆纱的断裂强力和耐磨性能明显增加。与采用高温上浆的氧化淀粉浆料相比,NTWS玉米淀粉的浆纱增强率和增磨率均高于氧化淀粉,尤其是浆纱增磨率,远远超出氧化淀粉。综上所述,高常温溶解度的NTWS玉米淀粉浆液粘度低且具有良好的热稳定性能,低温时浆膜性能出众,能够实现在低温环境下调浆上浆,且采用低温上浆时浆纱质量指标高于采用高温上浆的氧化淀粉浆料。NTWS玉米淀粉浆料具有简化调浆操作,降低上浆能耗的作用,是一种能够实现低温上浆、易退浆、废浆易降解的绿色浆料,契合绿色生产、节约和高效利用资源的发展趋势。
[Abstract]:Energy-saving and emission-reduction is the key to the sustainable development of the textile industry, and it is an effective way to upgrade the textile industry from the extensive mode to the low-carbon, green and circular economy mode. In the process of cotton yarn sizing, it is the key to solve the problem of sizing energy consumption and desizing. In addition to improving the sizing process, a kind of slurry which can realize low-temperature sizing, easy desizing and easy degradation of waste pulp can be achieved with less effort. In this paper, corn starch is used as the raw material, and the corn starch of normal temperature water solution (NWS) is prepared, and the physical and chemical properties, the performance of the slurry, the performance of the serosa and the performance of the sizing yarn are studied and analyzed, and the experimental basis and reference are provided for the development of the low-temperature sizing technology of the cotton yarn. This paper starts with the preparation process and principle of the NWS corn starch, and prepares the NWS corn starch with different normal temperature solubility, and studies the physical and chemical properties such as the particle morphology and the thermal property of the corn starch, and compared with the corn raw starch, and at the same time, according to the viscosity of the slurry, The adhesion and anti-aging properties of NWS corn starch with the optimal high-temperature slurry performance were selected. secondly, the screened NWS corn starch slurry is used as a research object, the temperature of the slurry is changed, the temperature range of the regulating slurry is controlled to be 60-80 DEG C, the performance of the slurry is characterized by the indexes such as the viscosity of the slurry, the adhesion force and the like, and the performance of the serous membrane is characterized by the indexes such as the size of the serosa and the abrasion of the serosa, The effect of low-temperature slurry on the performance of NWS corn starch slurry and serosa was studied. finally, using the 40S pure cotton yarn as the experimental object, the NWS corn starch slurry is used for the low-temperature single-yarn sizing, the sizing temperature, the sizing speed and the sizing pressure and the like are optimized, and meanwhile, the sizing performance of the high-temperature sizing oxidized starch slurry used in the textile mill is compared, The performance of NWS corn starch was analyzed and the reference for the research and development of the low-temperature sizing slurry was provided. The results showed that (1) NWS corn starch granule was distorted and deformed, the central hole and the polarization phenomenon disappeared, and the main chain component of the starch molecule did not change significantly compared with the corn starch. (2) The solubility of the normal temperature is increased, the distortion degree of the NWS corn starch granule is gradually increased, the viscosity of the slurry is gradually reduced, the adhesion force is reduced to a certain extent, and the light transmittance is increased with the increase of the solubility of the normal temperature. The distortion and deformation of the NWS corn starch granules reached the highest when the solubility in the room temperature was 90.48%. At this time, the polarization phenomenon disappeared, the DSC curve has no characteristic absorption peak, the content of the starch molecular chain component is not large, the viscosity of the slurry is the lowest, is 1. 1m Pa? s, the anti-aging property is the best, the light transmittance can reach 88. 29%, The adhesion strength has a slight decrease of 48. 97N, which is higher than the adhesion of the oxidized starch under the same conditions. (3) The performance of the NWS corn starch is better at the higher slurry temperature, and the film size of the NTWS corn starch is better at the lower temperature of the slurry. at the temperature of 60-80 & deg; C, the viscosity of the slurry is low and the thermal stability is excellent, the fracture strength of the NWS corn starch serosa is high, the elongation of the fracture is small, the moisture absorption rate of the serosa is not influenced by the temperature of the regulating slurry, the anti-aging property is improved, the breaking strength of the serosa is reduced, the abrasion of the serosa is gradually increased, the water-soluble time of the serosa is reduced, and when the temperature of the slurry is lower than 70 DEG C, the light transmittance of the serous membrane is greatly reduced, the breaking strength of the serosa is greatly improved, and the abrasion of the serosa is obviously reduced. (4) The wear resistance of the sizing yarn is greatly improved after the pre-wet yarn and the sizing temperature is increased, the breaking strength of the sizing yarn is increased, and the abrasion resistance of the sizing yarn is reduced to a certain extent; and the increase of the speed of the sizing yarn is higher than that of the yarn; the higher sizing pressure makes the breaking strength and wear-resisting property of the sizing yarn be obviously increased. Compared with the oxidized starch slurry with high-temperature sizing, the pulp-yarn enhancement rate and the increasing-grinding rate of the NTWS corn starch are higher than that of the oxidized starch, in particular the sizing rate of the sizing yarn, which is far from the oxidized starch. In conclusion, the high-temperature-solubility NTWS corn starch slurry has low viscosity and good thermal stability, and the size of the serosa is outstanding at low temperature, and the sizing of the slurry can be realized in a low-temperature environment, and the quality index of the sizing yarn is higher than that of the oxidized starch slurry with high-temperature sizing when the low-temperature sizing is adopted. The NWS corn starch slurry has the effects of simplifying the slurry mixing operation and reducing the sizing energy consumption, and is a green slurry capable of realizing low-temperature sizing, easy desizing and easy degradation of the waste slurry, and is matched with the development trend of green production, saving and high-efficiency utilization of resources.
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS103.846.1

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