餐厨垃圾微生物减量化处理研究

发布时间：2018-11-16 17:26

【摘要】：餐厨垃圾是指居民家庭、餐饮行业以及企事业单位食堂在食物加工和用餐过程中产生的废料和残余,具有含水率高、营养物质丰富、可生物降解率高等特点。目前,我国餐厨垃圾的处理方式主要以喂养家畜为主,剩余部分大多与城市生活垃圾混合后进行填埋、焚烧或堆肥处理,引发了严重的环境污染及环境安全问题,对城市卫生环境及居民的日常生活产生了十分恶劣的影响。作为目前比较具有发展前景的餐厨垃圾处理技术之一,"消灭型"生化处理设备重在强调垃圾的减量,通过外加具有特殊降解功能的微生物菌群降解有机物质,就地对餐厨垃圾进行消化,避免了餐厨垃圾清运时可能产生的二次污染问题,使得餐厨垃圾在源头上得到了有效控制,较好地实现了餐厨垃圾处理的减量化,具有明显的社会效益。在餐厨垃圾处理问题引起社会广泛关注的大环境下,本文通过分离筛选餐厨垃圾高效降解菌株,自制复合微生物菌剂,并依托上海市某公司餐厨垃圾生化处理设备,对自制复合微生物菌剂好氧降解餐厨垃圾开展研究,结合连续降解过程中各参数变化规律,探寻处理设备最佳物料比及餐厨垃圾降解单个周期规律,得出以下结论:(1)从某公司生物材料中分离筛选出10种餐厨垃圾降解优势菌株,经初步鉴定,A201、A206、B04为枯草芽孢杆菌,A204、B06为短小芽孢杆菌,A101为简单纯芽孢杆菌,A202为沙福芽孢杆菌,A203为栖稻假单胞菌,B02为解淀粉芽孢杆菌,B07为蜡样芽孢杆菌,结合实验室保存的枯草芽孢杆菌、嗜热芽孢杆菌、根霉和黑曲霉4种菌株进行后续实验;(2)选用荞麦壳作为载体材料,结合各菌株最佳接种时间将扩大培养后的菌体与载体材料混合自制复合微生物菌剂;(3)利用餐厨垃圾处理模拟装置对14种菌株及复合微生物菌剂进行餐厨垃圾降解能力验证,结果显示:从pH、温度、含水率变化趋势来看,不同菌株在餐厨垃圾降解能力上存在差别,但均不如复合微生物菌剂效果显著,且复合微生物菌剂的减量化效果较为明显,实验结束减重率可达67.45%,降解能力表现为复合微生物菌剂A203嗜热芽孢杆菌A201其他菌株。总体上来讲,自制微生物菌剂对餐厨垃圾的降解能力要远高于单菌株的降解能力;(4)利用某公司餐厨垃圾生化处理装置,以自制复合微生物菌剂为载体进行餐厨垃圾好氧降解实验,以pH、温度、含水率、菌落总数为指标,研究最佳物料比及餐厨垃圾单个降解周期,结果显示:餐厨垃圾与微生物菌剂填料比为1:4时具有较好的降解效果;单个餐厨垃圾降解周期约在18h左右,此时pH几乎恢复至原有水平。
[Abstract]:Kitchen garbage refers to the household, catering industry and enterprises and institutions in the food processing and dining process of the waste and residues, with high moisture content, rich in nutrients, high biodegradable rate and so on. At present, the treatment of kitchen waste in China is mainly to feed livestock, and most of the remaining parts are mixed with municipal solid waste for landfill, incineration or composting treatment, which has caused serious environmental pollution and environmental safety problems. It has a very bad effect on the urban sanitation environment and the daily life of the residents. As one of the promising technologies for the treatment of kitchen waste, the "extermination" biochemical treatment equipment emphasizes the reduction of waste and degrades organic substances by adding microorganism with special degradation function. The local digestion of food waste avoids the problem of secondary pollution that may occur during the cleaning and transportation of the meal and kitchen waste, which makes the food and kitchen garbage under effective control at the source, and realizes the reduction of the disposal of the food and kitchen garbage. It has obvious social benefit. In the environment where the problem of food waste disposal has aroused widespread concern in the society, by isolation and screening of high-efficient degrading strains of kitchen waste, self-made compound microbial bacteria agent, and relying on the biochemical treatment equipment of a company in Shanghai, This paper studied the aerobic degradation of kitchen waste with self-made compound microbial bacteriological agent. The optimum material ratio of the treatment equipment and the single cycle rule of the degradation of kitchen waste were explored according to the variation of the parameters in the process of continuous degradation. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Ten dominant strains were isolated from the biomaterials of a certain company and identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus simplex. A202 was a Bacillus subtilis, A203 was Pseudomonas oryzae, B02 was Bacillus amylolyticus, and B07 was Bacillus cereus, combined with Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thermophilus, Rhizopus Niger and Aspergillus Niger. (2) the buckwheat shell was selected as the carrier material, and combined with the optimum inoculation time of each strain, the expanded strain and carrier material were mixed with the compound microbial agent; (3) the biodegradation ability of 14 strains and compound microbial bacteria was verified by using the kitchen waste treatment simulation device. The results showed that: according to the change trend of pH, temperature and moisture content, The biodegradation ability of different strains was different, but it was not as good as that of compound microorganism bacteria, and the reducing effect of compound microbial bacteria was obvious. The weight loss rate at the end of the experiment could reach 67.45%. The biodegradation ability of Bacillus thermophilus A 201 was as follows: compound microorganism agent A 203, other strains of Bacillus thermophilus A 201. On the whole, the biodegradation ability of self-made microbial bacteria was much higher than that of single strain. (4) the aerobic degradation experiment of kitchen waste was carried out by using self-made compound microbial bacteria as carrier, and the pH, temperature, moisture content and the total number of bacteria were taken as indexes. The optimum material ratio and the single degradation cycle of kitchen waste were studied. The results showed that when the ratio of food waste to microbial fungicides was 1:4, the degradation effect was better; The degradation period of single kitchen waste was about 18 hours, and pH almost recovered to the original level.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X799.3

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