水电开发流域生态系统健康评价体系及环境管理体系构建
发布时间：2019-02-27 20:58
【摘要】：水电作为一种可再生清洁能源,在我国经济发展和能源配置中起着至关重要的作用。积极发展水电工程,不仅能供水供电、灌溉养殖,同时还能提高河流的防水防洪能力,加强水土保持、治渍、航运等功能。但是随着水电建设力度不断加大,流域生态系统受到的冲击也加大,环境问题日益突出。我国对流域生态系统健康的研究起步较晚,评价机制存在缺憾,特别是水电工程运营期的流域生态系统健康的评价和流域环境管理标准和制度很不完善。因此,水电开发流域生态系统健康的评价和水电开发流域环境的管理是亟需关注和处理的问题。流域生态系统健康作为一个崭新的研究领域,其研究理论和方法尚未成熟,尤其对水电开发流域生态系统健康评价而言,尚未形成一套完整的理论,在评价方法、指标选取、评价标准、模型建立诸多方面有待于进一步的研究和探索;目前,我国在水电开发流域环境的管理体系的建立上,还存在着较多缺陷。本文以"水电开发流域生态系统"为研究对象,以研究水电开发流域生态系统健康现状特征为出发点,以嘉陵江四川段水电开发流域为评价对象,对水电开发流域生态系统健康评价的理论、方法与实践进行了探讨与研究;借鉴国内外河流健康评价体系的研究,采用" PSR "评价模型框架作为基础,采用层次分析法确定指标权,将水电开发流域生态系统健康划分为"很健康、健康、亚健康、不健康、病态" 5个评价等级,建立了水电开发流域生态系统健康评价体系。用嘉陵江四川段水电开发流域的实例评价分析对本文建立的评价体系做合理性验证。将流域分为上段、中段、下段分别进行分析,建立模糊综合评价法模型,通过隶属度最大原则,得到对嘉陵江四川段流域生态系统健康的评价结果,即对于研究区的生态健康总体呈亚健康状态,其中上段为健康,中段下段为亚健康,通过结论分析验证了合理性。本文对水电开发流域环境管理模式进行了探索性研究。考虑我国流域环境管理在流域治理技术、监测预警、相关立法、技术创新等方面的不足,建立了一套包括目标管理体系、治理技术体系、监测预警体系、法律与政策保障体系和行政管理体系5个方面的水电开发流域环境管理体系。
[Abstract]:As a kind of renewable clean energy, hydropower plays an important role in China's economic development and energy allocation. The active development of hydropower projects can not only provide water supply, power supply, irrigation and breeding, but also improve the waterproofing and flood control capacity of rivers, and strengthen the functions of soil and water conservation, waterlogging control, shipping and so on. However, with the increasing efforts of hydropower construction, the impact of watershed ecosystem is also increased, and environmental problems are increasingly prominent. The research on watershed ecosystem health has started late in our country, and the evaluation mechanism is deficient. Especially, the assessment of watershed ecosystem health and the standards and systems of watershed environmental management during the operation period of hydropower projects are not perfect. Therefore, the assessment of ecosystem health and the management of hydropower basin environment are urgent problems to be paid attention to and dealt with. Watershed ecosystem health as a brand-new research field, its research theory and method has not yet been mature, especially for hydropower development watershed ecosystem health assessment, has not yet formed a complete set of theory, in the evaluation method, the selection of indicators, The evaluation criteria and the establishment of the model need to be further studied and explored. At present, there are still many defects in the establishment of environmental management system of hydropower development basin in China. In this paper, "the watershed ecosystem of hydropower development" is taken as the research object, and the status quo of the ecosystem health of the hydropower development basin is studied as the starting point, and the hydropower development basin of the Sichuan section of the Jialing River is taken as the evaluation object. The theory, method and practice of ecosystem health assessment in hydropower development basin were discussed and studied. Referring to the study of river health evaluation system at home and abroad, using the framework of "PSR" evaluation model as the foundation, adopting the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the index right, the ecosystem health of hydropower development basin is divided into "very healthy, sub-healthy", and "very healthy, sub-healthy". The assessment system of ecosystem health in hydropower development basin was established according to 5 evaluation grades of unhealthy and sick condition. The rationality of the evaluation system established in this paper is verified by the example evaluation analysis of the hydropower development basin in the Sichuan section of the Jialing River. The watershed is divided into the upper section, the middle section and the lower section, respectively, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established. Through the principle of maximum membership degree, the assessment results of ecosystem health in the Sichuan section of Jialing River are obtained. That is to say, the ecological health of the study area is sub-healthy in general, in which the upper part is healthy and the middle part is sub-health, and the rationality is verified by the conclusion analysis. In this paper, an exploratory study on the environmental management model of hydropower development basin has been carried out. Considering the deficiency of watershed environmental management in river basin management technology, monitoring and early warning, relevant legislation, technological innovation and so on, a set of target management system, governance technology system, monitoring and early warning system is established. The environmental management system of hydropower development basin in five aspects: law and policy guarantee system and administrative management system.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X826;X322
本文编号：2431574
[Abstract]:As a kind of renewable clean energy, hydropower plays an important role in China's economic development and energy allocation. The active development of hydropower projects can not only provide water supply, power supply, irrigation and breeding, but also improve the waterproofing and flood control capacity of rivers, and strengthen the functions of soil and water conservation, waterlogging control, shipping and so on. However, with the increasing efforts of hydropower construction, the impact of watershed ecosystem is also increased, and environmental problems are increasingly prominent. The research on watershed ecosystem health has started late in our country, and the evaluation mechanism is deficient. Especially, the assessment of watershed ecosystem health and the standards and systems of watershed environmental management during the operation period of hydropower projects are not perfect. Therefore, the assessment of ecosystem health and the management of hydropower basin environment are urgent problems to be paid attention to and dealt with. Watershed ecosystem health as a brand-new research field, its research theory and method has not yet been mature, especially for hydropower development watershed ecosystem health assessment, has not yet formed a complete set of theory, in the evaluation method, the selection of indicators, The evaluation criteria and the establishment of the model need to be further studied and explored. At present, there are still many defects in the establishment of environmental management system of hydropower development basin in China. In this paper, "the watershed ecosystem of hydropower development" is taken as the research object, and the status quo of the ecosystem health of the hydropower development basin is studied as the starting point, and the hydropower development basin of the Sichuan section of the Jialing River is taken as the evaluation object. The theory, method and practice of ecosystem health assessment in hydropower development basin were discussed and studied. Referring to the study of river health evaluation system at home and abroad, using the framework of "PSR" evaluation model as the foundation, adopting the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the index right, the ecosystem health of hydropower development basin is divided into "very healthy, sub-healthy", and "very healthy, sub-healthy". The assessment system of ecosystem health in hydropower development basin was established according to 5 evaluation grades of unhealthy and sick condition. The rationality of the evaluation system established in this paper is verified by the example evaluation analysis of the hydropower development basin in the Sichuan section of the Jialing River. The watershed is divided into the upper section, the middle section and the lower section, respectively, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established. Through the principle of maximum membership degree, the assessment results of ecosystem health in the Sichuan section of Jialing River are obtained. That is to say, the ecological health of the study area is sub-healthy in general, in which the upper part is healthy and the middle part is sub-health, and the rationality is verified by the conclusion analysis. In this paper, an exploratory study on the environmental management model of hydropower development basin has been carried out. Considering the deficiency of watershed environmental management in river basin management technology, monitoring and early warning, relevant legislation, technological innovation and so on, a set of target management system, governance technology system, monitoring and early warning system is established. The environmental management system of hydropower development basin in five aspects: law and policy guarantee system and administrative management system.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X826;X322
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