含磷氮阻燃剂的合成及其在棉织物阻燃整理中的应用

发布时间：2019-04-15 14:06

【摘要】：棉是天然纤维素,拥有许多优越的性能,如优秀的生物相容性和降解性、透气吸湿等,但棉织物具有可燃性,危害人类的生命和财产安全,因此改善棉的燃烧性能具有重要性。磷-氮阻燃剂不含卤素,燃烧过程中不产生有毒气体和烟雾,与物质的相容性较好,不容易迁移,并且磷、氮具备协同阻燃作用,在材料的阻燃整理中获得广泛的应用。本课题围绕改良棉织物的阻燃性能这一目标,使用磷-氮阻燃剂接枝改性棉织物,探讨整理棉织物的阻燃性能,并研究了电子束辐射工艺和传统轧烘焙工艺对阻燃棉织物性能的影响。第一部分以氯磷酸二乙酯和γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为原料制备阻燃剂DTP,将其应用到棉织物上,制取阻燃棉织物。对整理后的棉织物进行SEM和XPS表征,研究阻燃整理棉织物的热学性能、阻燃性能和机械性能;为了改善阻燃剂的水溶性,第二部分将第一部分的阻燃剂水解聚合,得到了水溶性的阻燃剂PDTP,并将其整理到棉织物上,对整理后的棉织物进行SEM和XPS表征,探究整理棉织物的热学性能、阻燃性能和机械性能;为了探究电子束辐射(EB)工艺和传统轧烘焙(PDC)工艺对阻燃棉织物性能的影响,第三部分以氯磷酸二乙酯和甲基丙烯酰胺为原料合成了阻燃剂DMPP,使用电子束辐射工艺和轧烘焙工艺将应用到棉织物的整理上,制备阻燃棉织物,通过SEM和XPS对整理棉织物进行测试表征,测试整理棉织物的热学性能、阻燃性能和机械性能。结果表明,经阻燃整理后的棉织物均具有杰出的阻燃性能。垂直燃烧测试和极限氧指数测试表明,PDTP整理后的棉织物的阻燃性能优于DTP整理后的棉织物。当整理液浓度为30%时,PDTP整理棉织物的LOI值为32.0%,而DTP整理棉织物的LOI值仅为29.1%。两种阻燃棉织物的机械性能均有所下降,但差别不大。同时,在DMPP阻燃棉织物整理中,当整理液浓度为35%时,EB-cotton和PDC-cotton的LOI值分别为30.2%和28.7%,电子束辐射工艺整理的棉织物不论是阻燃性能还是机械性能都优于轧烘焙整理工艺。
[Abstract]:Cotton is a natural cellulose, which has many superior properties, such as excellent biocompatibility and degradation, hygroscopicity and so on. However, cotton fabric is combustible and endangers the safety of human life and property, so it is important to improve the combustion performance of cotton. Phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant does not contain halogen, does not produce toxic gases and smoke during combustion, has good compatibility with substances, and is not easy to migrate. Moreover, phosphorus and nitrogen have synergistic flame retardancy and have been widely used in flame retardant finishing of materials. Based on the goal of improving the flame retardancy of cotton fabric, the flame retardancy of finished cotton fabric was studied by grafting phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant into cotton fabric. The effects of electron beam irradiation and traditional rolling and baking processes on the properties of flame retardant cotton fabrics were also studied. In the first part, flame retardant DTP, was prepared by using diethyl chlorophosphate and 纬-aminopropyl triethoxysilane as raw materials. The flame retardant cotton fabric was prepared by applying it to cotton fabric. The finished cotton fabric was characterized by SEM and XPS, and the thermal, flame retardant and mechanical properties of the finished cotton fabric were studied. In order to improve the water solubility of the flame retardant, the first part of the flame retardant was hydrolyzed and polymerized in the second part, and the water soluble flame retardant PDTP, was obtained and finished on the cotton fabric. The finished cotton fabric was characterized by SEM and XPS. The thermal properties, flame retardancy and mechanical properties of finished cotton fabrics were investigated. In order to investigate the effect of electron beam radiation (EB) process and traditional rolling baking (PDC) process on the properties of flame retardant cotton fabrics, flame retardant DMPP, was synthesized from diethyl chlorophosphate and methylacrylamide. The flame retardant cotton fabric was prepared by electron beam irradiation and rolling baking process. The finished cotton fabric was characterized by SEM and XPS. The thermal, flame retardant and mechanical properties of the finished cotton fabric were tested. The results show that the flame retardant treated cotton fabrics have excellent flame retardant properties. The results of vertical combustion test and limiting oxygen index test showed that the flame retardancy of PDTP-treated cotton fabric was better than that of DTP-treated cotton fabric. When the concentration of finishing solution is 30%, the LOI value of PDTP treated cotton fabric is 32.0%, while the LOI value of DTP treated cotton fabric is only 29.1%. The mechanical properties of the two kinds of flame retardant cotton fabrics both decreased, but there was little difference. At the same time, when the concentration of finishing solution is 35%, the LOI values of EB-cotton and PDC-cotton are 30.2% and 28.7%, respectively, in the finishing of DMPP flame retardant cotton fabric. The flame retardant and mechanical properties of cotton fabrics treated by electron beam irradiation are better than those of rolling baking.
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS195.24

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