SSRF生物大分子光束线站自动化集成及实验技术发展

发布时间：2017-12-27 07:19

本文关键词：SSRF生物大分子光束线站自动化集成及实验技术发展　出处：《中国科学院研究生院(上海应用物理研究所)》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：上海光源生物大分子晶体学光束线站BL17U1是我国第三代同步辐射装置上的首条高性能光束线,是通过晶体学方法开展生物大分子三维结构研究的重要平台。三代同步辐射装置提供了高亮度高稳定性的光源,为了充分利用光束线的光学以及硬件设备性能,方便用户群体高效地开展晶体学衍射数据采集,高度集成的自动化数据采集系统是光束线技术的重要组成部分。得益于同步辐射领域的开放与合作,上海光源在建设过程中,采用了EPICS开发环境。基于EPICS环境开发的运动控制和数据获取可以满足光束线调试及运行的需求。实验站设备底层控制同样采用EPICS开发环境,为了解决衍射实验中的曝光时间的准确性,部分功能由硬件层的代码实现。通过调研国际上同类的实验站用户控制及数据采集系统,发现生物大分子晶体学线站因为其自身特点,需要提供给用户界面直观、易于操作、功能完善的数据采集系统。斯坦福开发的Blu-Ice/DCS是最早实现该类功能的使用于生物大分子晶体学光束线站的系统,并被多条光束线借鉴。在本论文的工作中,通过EPICS应用及相关硬件服务器开发,我完成了基于开源系统的线站控制与数据采集自动化系统的开发工作。根据光束线的实际硬件特性及控制结构,开发的各项功能齐全、图形化界面方便用户实验,例如能量自动联动、自动化荧光扫描、集成自动化机械手等。该自动化集成系统,成功地应用于上海光源首条生物大分子晶体学光束线站,为该光束线的运行开放提供了充分的技术保障,也为今后的新功能开发提供了良好的基础。结合晶体学实验技术的发展,微晶体衍射在结构解析方面发挥着越来越重要的作用,而微细光束是开展微晶体衍射的前提。为了获得微细光束,在已经运行的生物大分子晶体学光束线上,微束准直器的发展可以快速地获得不同尺寸的束斑。同类仪器成功地应用于国际上其它线站,并通过实验数据采集与对比,证明了微细光束的重要性。为了在上海光源现有生物大分子光束线上实现该功能,结合衍射仪的硬件布局,我发展了适用于光束线BL17U1的微细准直器仪器,该准直器兼容于现有衍射仪系统。对获得的微细束斑特性进行了测量,并应用于数据采集。对于微晶体衍射,因其衍射能力一般比大尺寸的晶体弱,在束斑相同的情况下,提供更多的光子对结构解析有重要帮助。为了提供微细光束的光通量,我采用复合折射透镜聚焦方案,设计了利用复合折射透镜聚焦获得微细光束的模式,获得了光通量密度增益并开展相关数据采集的研究,为在该线站开展微晶体衍射实验提供了充分技术准备。
[Abstract]:Shanghai light source biological macromolecule crystallographic beamline station BL17U1 is the first high-performance beamline on the third generation synchrotron radiation facility in China. It is an important platform for studying the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules by crystallography. The three generation synchrotron radiation device provides high brightness and high stability of the light source, in order to make full use of the optical beam line and the hardware performance, convenient user groups to effectively carry out the crystallographic diffraction data, highly integrated automation data acquisition system is an important part of the beam line technology. Thanks to the openness and cooperation in the field of synchrotron radiation, the Shanghai light source has adopted the EPICS development environment in the process of construction. The motion control and data acquisition based on the EPICS environment can meet the needs of the beam line debugging and operation. The bottom of the experimental station is also controlled by the EPICS development environment. In order to solve the accuracy of the exposure time in the diffraction experiment, some functions are implemented by the code of the hardware layer. Through investigating the international similar experimental station user control and data acquisition system, it is found that the macromolecular crystallographic line station, because of its own characteristics, needs to provide the user interface with intuitive, easy operation and perfect data acquisition system. The Blu-Ice/DCS developed by Standford is the first system to use this kind of function in the beam line station of the macromolecular crystallography, and is used for reference by a number of beam lines. In the work of this thesis, through EPICS application and related hardware server development, I completed the development of line station control and data acquisition automation system based on open source system. According to the actual hardware characteristics and control structure of the beamline, all functions developed, graphical interfaces are convenient for user experiments, such as energy automatic linkage, automatic fluorescence scanning, integrated automation manipulator and so on. The automatic integrated system has been successfully applied to the first biological macromolecular crystallographic beamline station of Shanghai light source, providing sufficient technical support for the operation and opening of the beamline, and also providing a good foundation for the development of new functions in the future. Combined with the development of crystallographic experimental technology, microcrystal diffraction plays a more and more important role in structural analysis. Micro beam is the prerequisite for developing microcrystal diffraction. In order to obtain the micro beam, the development of the microbeam collimator can quickly obtain the beam spots of different sizes on the already operating biological macromolecule crystallographic beam line. Similar instruments have been successfully applied to other international line stations, and the importance of micro beam is proved by the acquisition and comparison of experimental data. In order to realize this function on the existing biologic macromolecule beam line in Shanghai light source, combined with the hardware layout of the diffractometer, I developed a micro collimator instrument suitable for beam line BL17U1, which is compatible with the existing diffractive instrument system. The characteristics of the obtained micro beam spot are measured and applied to data acquisition. For microcrystalline diffraction, its diffraction ability is generally weaker than that of large size crystal. When the beam spot is the same, providing more photons is helpful for structural analysis. In order to provide micro beam flux, I adopt the compound refractive lens focusing scheme is designed by using compound refractive lens focusing obtain fine beam mode, the flux density gain and carry out research related to data collection, in the line station to carry out micro crystal diffraction experiment provides sufficient technical preparation.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(上海应用物理研究所)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O734

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