漂浮式海上风力发电机组载荷控制研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 03:23

本文关键词：漂浮式海上风力发电机组载荷控制研究　出处：《沈阳工业大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着海上风力发电技术的迅速发展和装机容量的不断增加,大功率深海漂浮式风电机组逐步成为发展趋势和研究热点。其叶片、传动链、塔筒、浮式基础和系泊系统等关键部件都具有柔性低频模态,耦合振动几率增加,机组运行过程中受到的载荷更加复杂。本文以5MW Spar漂浮式海上风电机组为研究对象,以减小柔性部件动态载荷为目标,对系统动力学模型和载荷控制策略进行深入研究。通过调整叶片桨距角和发电机转矩从而减小机组运行过程中所受到的动态载荷,重点解决漂浮式海上风力发电机组无法准确建模、外部强扰动等不确定因素对动态载荷控制带来的影响问题。主要工作如下:建立了海上风力机-浮式基础-系泊系统动力学模型,分析了海浪水动力、机舱摇摆、海上风电场尾流对机组振动及载荷的影响,重点研究了风轮不平衡载荷和柔性传动链载荷。并以此为基础确定了漂浮式风电机组载荷控制总体方案。针对海上风电场尾流效应引起的风轮不平衡、耦合水动力的机舱摇摆振动问题,提出了漂浮式风电机组变桨多目标载荷控制策略,采用H_2/H_∞鲁棒控制对机组输出功率稳定性和机舱纵向运动两个目标进行同时控制,从而使风电机组达到整体最优的目的。采用基于尾流中心预测的多步模型预测减小风轮不平衡载荷。针对漂浮式海上风电机组柔性传动系统动力学参数不确定性特点,提出了双回路传动系统非扭转载荷控制策略,使用基于μ综合设计的控制器,对传动系统纵向和横向同时进行控制,提高了系统的稳定性和鲁棒性。针对于传动链扭转载荷,设计了基于卡尔曼状态估计的动态扭转载荷控制器,通过减小传动链上风轮和发电机的等效转速差,减小传动链扭矩。为了验证本文提出的动态载荷控制策略,构建了漂浮式海上风电机组控制硬件在环测试平台,在风浪联合作用工况下进行了测试和对比分析。动态载荷对比结果表明该载荷控制方法可以明显减小风轮不平衡及传动系统载荷,从而验证了动态载荷控制策略的可行性、有效性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of offshore wind power generation technology and the installed capacity increased, large power deep-sea floating wind power units have gradually become the development trend and research hotspot. The blade, the transmission chain of tower, the key components of the floating foundation and mooring system has flexible low-frequency modes, coupling vibration load by the increased risk during operation of the unit is more complex. Based on the 5MW Spar floating offshore wind turbine as the research object, in order to reduce the dynamic load of flexible components as the goal, in-depth study on the system dynamics model and load control strategy. By adjusting the blade pitch angle and generator torque so as to reduce the dynamic load by during operation of the unit, the key to solve the floating offshore wind turbines cannot be accurately modeled, strong external disturbance and other uncertain factors on the impact of dynamic load control problem. The main work such as Under the established floating foundation of offshore wind turbine dynamic mooring system model, analyzed the hydrodynamic waves, cabin swing, offshore wind farm wake effect on vibration and load, and focus on the wind wheel load imbalance and flexible drive chain load. And on this basis determine the floating wind power the unit load control scheme. The wind wheel for offshore wind farm wake effect caused by the imbalance, coupled with hydrodynamic cabin rocking vibration problem, put forward the floating wind turbine pitch multi-objective load control strategy, H_2/H_ robust control and control the output power stability of the unit and the cabin longitudinal motion of two target by thus, the wind turbine to achieve the overall optimal objective. The multi-step prediction model of wake center reduced wind wheel unbalance load. Based on for floating offshore wind turbine flexible transmission system The uncertainty of system dynamics parameters, non torsion load control strategy of double loop transmission system is proposed, using the controller synthesis based on the design of transmission system of the vertical and horizontal control at the same time, improve the stability and robustness of the system. According to the transmission chain torsion loads, design the dynamic state estimation of Calman torsion load controller based on by reducing speed, the equivalent dynamic chain wind wheel and the generator, reducing transmission chain torque. In order to verify the proposed dynamic load control strategy, the construction of floating offshore wind turbine control hardware in the loop test platform, were tested and compared to the combined effect of wind and wave conditions. Results show that the dynamic load the load control method can obviously reduce the load of the wind wheel unbalance and transmission system, which verifies the feasibility of dynamic load control strategy, effective .

【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM315

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