城市轨道交通市域线快慢车开行方案优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 11:24

本文关键词：城市轨道交通市域线快慢车开行方案优化研究　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的推进及人口的快速增长,城市建成区规模不断扩大,道路交通拥挤进一步加剧。城市轨道交通准时性好、能力大、安全性高,已成为我国各城市缓解交通拥堵、引导城市发展的重要手段。在城市轨道交通网络中,市域线承担着城市市域范围内中心和郊区间的交通连接任务;由于线路长,客流不均衡性更加显著。快慢车是城市轨道交通市域线常用的列车运行组织形式,从客流与线路条件出发研究快慢车组织技术在市域线的合理应用,有利于促进运能与出行需求的有效匹配,降低企业运营成本,提升出行服务质量。本文在既有研究成果的基础上,以市域线快慢车运输组织技术为对象,分析了国内外城市轨道交通线路快慢车的运营实践经验,研究了快慢车运营组织对不同乘客出行行为的影响;建立了无越行均衡发车、无越行非均衡发车和考虑越行的三种快慢车运营模式下的列车开行方案优化模型,其中均衡发车时快慢车在始发站的发车间隔相同,非均衡发车时快慢车在始发站的发车间隔可以不同。通过案例分析,研究了不同快慢车运营模式的客流适用性范围和运营组织可行性。主要研究工作及结论如下:(1)基于乘客出行起讫点分类,分析了快慢车运营对不同群体出行行为的影响因素。建立了以乘客出行感知时间、车底购置费用和车公里费用最小为目标,以快慢车发车频率、快车跨站位置为决策变量的无越行、均衡发车的市域线快慢车开行方案优化模型。该模型考虑了线路通过能力、法定发车频率、列车满载率等约束,可定量分析快慢车运营组织下的乘客服务水平和企业成本。研究结果表明:快车的开行可诱导部分非直达乘客选择快车换乘慢车;发车频率为16列/h时,快慢车方案下的快车旅行速度较非快慢车方案提高5.0%,乘客出行时间降低1.6%,车底购置费用减少2.4%。这说明快慢车运营提高了乘客服务水平和企业效益。(2)在均衡发车的快慢车开行方案模型基础上,进一步构建了无越行、非均衡发车下市域线快慢车开行方案优化模型,该模型以快慢车发车频率、快车跨站位置和始发间隔为决策变量,并设计了遗传求解算法。案例结果表明:停站方案相同条件下,当发车频率由20列/h减少到16列/h时,车底购置费用、车公里费用均减少20.0%,乘客出行感知时间增加4.0%;这说明适当减少发车频率可在服务水平不显著下降情况下显著降低企业成本。发车频率为16列/h条件下,与均衡发车模式相比较,非均衡发车模式的快车最大跨站数量可提高为2,快车旅行速度可提高5.0%;候车时间虽有所增加,但在车时间减少,综合作用下乘客出行感知时间可降低2.2%,车底购置费用节省2.4%。这说明非均衡发车可提高乘客服务水平和企业效益。(3)以快慢车发车频率、快车跨站位置、始发间隔和快车越行位置为决策变量,构建了有越行模式下的市域线快慢车开行方案优化模型,并设计了遗传求解算法。案例结果表明:发车频率为16列/h条件下,与无越行模式相比较,有越行模式的快车跨站数量可提高为4,快车旅行速度可提高11.7%,乘客出行感知时间降低1.7%,车公里费用不变,车底购置费用略微提高0.8%。因此,越行可在企业成本提升较小的情况下提高了乘客服务水平。(4)分析了无越行均衡发车、无越行非均衡发车、考虑越行的三种快慢车运营模式以及非快慢车模式的客流适用范围,得到了不同运营模式的客流适用性。结果表明:本文案例条件下,当客流减少超过10%、发车频率小于16列/h时,无越行非均衡快慢车方案更优;当客流减少10%以内或增加20%以内、发车频率为16～22列/h时,有越行快慢车方案更优;当客流增加超过20%、发车频率大于22列/h时,非快慢车模式更优。(5)研究了快慢车不同运营模式对线路最大发车频率的要求,分析了三种快慢车运营模式应用时的技术可行性。案例结果表明:无越行条件下,由均衡发车变化为非均衡发车,开行快慢车的临界条件由发车频率不大于16列/h变化为20列/h;由无越行条件变化为有越行条件,开行快慢车的临界条件由发车频率不大于20列/h变化为26列/h。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of population and promote the process of the city, the city built-up area continues to expand the scale of road traffic congestion intensified. City rail traffic punctuality, large capacity, high security, has become the city of our country to ease traffic congestion, an important means to guide the development of the city. The City Rail Transit Network in the city. Bear the domain line within the domain of the city center and suburb of city traffic connection tasks; due to the long lines, traffic imbalance is more significant. The speed of the car is the city urban rail transit line common train operation organization form of reasonable application of fast car organization technology in the city line from the passenger flow and line conditions, is conducive to the promotion of effective matching capacity and travel demand, reduce operating costs, improve the quality of travel service. Based on the existing research results, to the city line fast car transport organization. As the object, analyzed the domestic and foreign city rail transit line fast idle operation experience, study the effect of fast slow operation of different passenger travel behavior; set up for more balanced start, no more for the non balanced departure and consider three speed operation mode is under the train plan optimization the model, which balanced the start speed in the originating station interval, unbalanced start speed in the originating station interval can be different. Through case analysis, studied the applicability and scope of passenger operation organization feasibility fast car operation mode. The main research work and conclusions are as follows: (1) the passenger travel the start point and end point based classification, analyzes the factors that influence the operation speed for different groups of travel behavior for passengers. The sensing time vehicle purchase costs and expenses for the purpose of the small car kilometers Standard, fast idle frequency, no more for Express - the decision variable of location, the city line balanced start fast car operation scheme optimization model. The model considers the line capacity, statutory departure frequency, train load ratio constraints, the quantitative analysis of car speed operation organization under the passenger service level and the cost of the enterprises. The results show that: the express train can induce some non direct express train passengers transfer; departure frequency is 16 /h, the speed of the car for express train travel speed than the non speed scheme is increased by 5%, passenger travel time reduced by 1.6%, reduce the purchase cost of car 2.4%. speed increased passenger operations the level of service and efficiency of the enterprises. (2) in a fast car train departure equilibrium scheme based on the model, further build a more free, non balanced grid under the city line speed operation scheme optimization model, In this model, fast car departure frequency, express cross site location and interval originating as decision variables, and the genetic algorithm. The results show that the design of case stop scheme under the same conditions, when the frequency is reduced from 20 /h to 16 /h when the column column, the acquisition cost of the vehicle, the car costs are reduced by 20% km, passenger travel perception time increased by 4%; the frequency can be appropriate to reduce the level of service is not significantly decreased significantly reduce the cost of enterprise. Under the condition of frequency is 16 /h conditions, compared with the equilibrium departure mode, the number of the largest non balanced cross site Express departure mode can be increased to 2, the express train travel speed can be increased to 5%; the waiting time is the increase in the car, but time is reduced, under the comprehensive action of the passenger travel time perception can be reduced by 2.2%, indicating that the purchase cost savings of 2.4%. under unbalanced grid can improve the service level and benefit of enterprises (3). With the fast train departure frequency, express cross site location, departure interval and express the position as the decision variable, to build a more for the city line model optimization operation scheme of vehicle speed, and the genetic algorithm is designed. The case results show that the frequency of 16 /h conditions, compared with no more rows model number, express more cross site line mode could be increased to 4, the express train travel speed can be increased to 11.7%, the passenger travel time perception is reduced by 1.7%, vehicle kilometer costs the same, vehicle purchase cost slightly increased 0.8%. therefore, more rows can be promoted in the enterprise cost under the condition of small improved passenger service level (4). The analysis of the more balanced for departure, no more for the unbalanced grid, taking into account the line three speed operation mode and speed mode non passenger flow scope, passenger applicability of different operation modes are obtained. The results show that: in this case Cases of conditions, when the flow is reduced by more than 10%, departure frequency is less than 16 /h, no more for the non balanced fast car scheme better; when the passenger less than 10% decrease or increase of less than 20%, departure frequency is 16 ~ 22 /h, there is a better solution for fast car; when the passenger traffic increased by more than 20% the departure frequency is greater than 22 /h, the non fast car model is superior. (5) studied the different operation modes of the car speed line maximum frequency, analyzed three kinds of speed operation mode application technology feasibility. The results show that there is no more the case for the equilibrium conditions, changes to the unbalanced grid start by opening the critical condition of vehicle speed frequency is less than 16 /h changes for the 20 column /h; by no more conditions for the change of conditions, the critical condition of vehicle speed by train departure frequency is less than 20 /h for 26 /h. change column

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U292

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