露天矿顺层岩质高边坡稳定性及安全控制关键技术研究
本文关键词: 露天矿 顺层岩质边坡 岩体参数 稳定性 破坏机理 爆破振动响应 滑坡防治 出处:《北京科技大学》2017年博士论文 论文类型:学位论文
【摘要】:对于露天矿而言,保持边坡稳定始终是矿山企业实现高效开采的最重要的安全保障。但由于矿山开采条件的千差万别,世界上没有完全相同露天矿,各有各的特点,为达此目的,必须掌握目标矿山边坡稳定性特有的规律并确定专门的处治方案。本文即以赞比亚穆利亚希露天铜矿边坡为研究对象,采用综合研究手段,实现了对矿山边坡的安全性分区,在此基础上,针对频繁滑塌的南帮顺层边坡的稳定性展开了深入研究,提出了边坡保稳的综合处治措施,取得了良好的工程效果,保证了矿山的安全生产。本文获得如下主要研究结论:(1)采用AHP层次分析原理和Fuzzy模糊评价原理,建立了边坡岩体质量分级的层次结构模型,获得了能表征边坡岩体物理力学特性的参数,重新计算了边坡静力条件下的安全系数,并由此确认:原设计安全系数储备不足是造成边坡滑塌的主因,且与现场情况相符。(2)断续节理岩桥破坏主要受倾角、间距、重叠量等节理几何参数影响,可分为四类破坏模式,是由矿物颗粒间黏结张拉破坏为主的微破裂引起,声发射事件计数与破裂强度均近似服从正态分布函数。(3)该矿边坡塌方以台阶状破坏为主要特征,主要由断续节理端部间岩桥破裂贯通带及原生节理构成,滑体各部位尽管形状各异,但形态相同。(4)研究表明,爆破荷载加剧了南部边坡的剪切塑性变形,爆破荷载极易引起顺层边坡软弱过渡层发生剪切塑性变形,从而影响边坡的整体稳定性。(5)综合考虑经济、技术、政治等因素,针对典型边坡提出了削坡减载方案,验算得到边坡处治后的安全系数在静力及爆破振动作用下均满足规范要求。针对已出现的滑坡区域,提出了“压脚阻水”处治方案综合措施建议。本文取得了如下创新性研究成果:(1)建立了边坡岩体质量分级的层次结构模型,形成了边坡岩体质量综合评价辨识方法,为《工程岩体分级标准》在边坡岩体质量评价方面的工程应用提供了一种可行方法;(2)建立了断续节理岩体细观分析模型及岩桥破坏分类模式,揭示了单轴压缩条件下的断续节理岩体破裂规律及机理,探究了顺层断续节理岩质边坡破坏特征。(3)推导了考虑高程放大效应的质点振速公式,建立了边坡爆破振动分析模型,揭示了爆破荷载作用下顺层边坡动力响应规律及损伤特征。总之,本文研究方法及相关成果,具有一定的理论研究意义及工程应用价值。
[Abstract]:For open-pit mines, maintaining slope stability is always the most important safety guarantee for mining enterprises to achieve efficient mining. However, due to the different mining conditions, there is no identical open-pit mine in the world. Each has its own characteristics, in order to achieve this purpose, it is necessary to master the specific law of slope stability of the target mine and determine a special treatment plan. This paper takes the slope of Moliachy opencast copper mine in Zambia as the research object. By means of comprehensive research, the safety zoning of mine slope is realized. On this basis, the stability of the slope of Nanyou Shun layer which frequently collapses is studied deeply, and the comprehensive treatment measures of slope stability are put forward. Good engineering effect has been achieved, and the safety of mine production has been ensured. In this paper, the main research conclusions are as follows: 1) the principle of AHP hierarchy process and Fuzzy fuzzy evaluation are adopted in this paper. The hierarchical structure model of slope rock mass quality classification is established, and the parameters which can represent the physical and mechanical properties of slope rock mass are obtained, and the safety factor under the static condition of slope is re-calculated. From this, it is confirmed that the failure of the original design safety factor is the main cause of slope collapse, and it is consistent with the field situation. 2) the failure of intermittent jointed rock bridge is mainly affected by the geometric parameters of joint such as inclination angle, spacing, overlap amount and so on. It can be divided into four types of failure modes, which are caused by microfracture which is mainly caused by bond tensioning failure between mineral particles. Acoustic emission event counting and fracture strength are similar to normal distribution function. 3) the slope collapse of the mine is mainly characterized by step failure, which is mainly composed of broken and through zone of rock bridge between the ends of intermittent joints and primary joint. Although the shapes of different parts of the slider are different, the shape is the same. 4) the study shows that the shear plastic deformation of the southern slope is aggravated by blasting load. Blasting load is easy to cause shear plastic deformation in soft transition layer of bedding slope, thus affecting the overall stability of slope. 5) considering the factors of economy, technology, politics and so on. According to the typical slope, a slope cutting load reduction scheme is put forward, and the safety factor of the slope after treatment is calculated to meet the requirements of the code under static and blasting vibration. This paper puts forward the comprehensive measures of the treatment scheme of "pressing foot and blocking water". In this paper, the following innovative research results are obtained: 1) the hierarchical structure model of slope rock mass quality classification is established. The comprehensive evaluation and identification method of slope rock mass quality is formed, which provides a feasible method for engineering application of engineering rock mass quality evaluation. (2) the meso-analytical model of intermittent jointed rock mass and the classification model of rock bridge failure are established, and the fracture law and mechanism of intermittent jointed rock mass under uniaxial compression are revealed. In this paper, the failure characteristics of rock slope with intermittent jointed bedding are investigated. The formula of particle vibration velocity considering the effect of elevation amplification is derived, and the analysis model of blasting vibration of slope is established. The dynamic response law and damage characteristics of bedding slope under blasting load are revealed. In a word, the research methods and related results in this paper have certain theoretical significance and engineering application value.
【学位授予单位】:北京科技大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:TD854.6
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