可拓城市综合防灾规划理论与方法研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 19:04

  本文关键词： 可拓方法 可拓城市综合防灾规划 消防主导型 防洪主导型 多灾种共存型　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,城市防灾已成为城乡规划领域研究的一个焦点问题。城市综合防灾规划作为城市总体规划的法定专项规划之一,在城市总体规划中占有重要地位。本文将可拓学理论与方法应用于城市综合防灾规划研究中,利用可拓学可以模型化地解决矛盾问题并实现创新的优势,来弥补现有城市综合防灾规划理论与方法的不足,从研究定位、类型划分、基本原理等方面构建了可拓城市综合防灾规划的理论框架,并针对不同类型防灾规划中的矛盾问题提出了相应的应用方法体系,为采用计算机辅助、智能化地生成城市综合防灾规划策略提供了理论支撑与方法平台。可拓城市综合防灾规划是指城市综合防灾规划编制者及决策者在方案制定过程中,应用可拓学的理论和方法、尤其是应用其可拓思维模式和模型化的可拓分析方法,通过对防灾规划目标及条件的可拓分析与变换,化解不相容问题及对立问题冲突,提出创新思路及具体解决方案的活动与过程。其基本原理包括城市综合防灾规划的基元表达、可拓思维模式、可拓分析、可拓变换;操作流程包括防灾规划的问题界定、目标与条件分析、致灾与防灾要素变换、策略生成与评判四个步骤;类型划分为单灾种主导型(以消防主导型、防洪主导型为典型代表)及多灾种共存型。消防主导型可拓城市综合防灾规划方法综合是运用可拓学方法,解决以消防为主导、兼顾其他规划目标的综合防灾规划中矛盾问题的方法。针对消防主导型综合防灾规划的多手段特征,提出了满足各类消防规划目标的策略生成方法,具体分为满足消防规范目标和上位规划目标两个方面;针对消防主导型城市综合防灾规划的全过程特征,提出了从火灾前预防、火灾中救援、火灾后重建三个阶段,全面提升消防规划效率的可拓设计方法;针对消防用地及设施平时与灾时功能需求不同的特征,从危险源用地和消防水源设施规划设计两个方面提出了实现消防规划平灾结合的转换桥方法。防洪主导型可拓城市综合防灾规划方法是综合运用可拓学方法,解决以防洪为主导、兼顾其他规划目标的综合防灾规划中矛盾问题的方法。针对防洪主导型综合防灾规划的多手段特征,提出了满足各类防洪规划需求的策略生成方法,具体分为满足防洪规范标准和满足流域防洪目标两方面;针对防洪主导型城市综合防灾规划的全过程特征,提出了从洪灾前预防、洪灾中疏散、洪灾后重建三个过程全面提升防洪规划效率的可拓设计方法;针对防洪用地及设施平时和灾时功能需求不同的特征,从防洪河道和蓄洪湿地规划设计两个方面,提出了实现防洪规划平灾结合的转换桥方法。多灾共存型可拓城市综合防灾规划方法,是在单灾种主导型可拓综合防灾规划方法的基础上提出的实现多灾种共同防御以及次生灾害兼顾防御的可拓规划方法。首先,提出了多灾共存型防灾规划问题的生成方法,包括城市灾害风险与防灾能力评估、多灾防御问题的收集与分类、多灾防御问题的可拓模型表达;其次,提出了多灾共存型防灾规划问题的通道转换,包括多灾种防灾目标的蕴含通道、多灾种防灾条件的变换通道;最后,提出了多灾共存型防灾规划的多目标策略生成,包括城市综合防灾详细规划层面的转换桥策略生成、城市综合防灾总体规划层面的模糊物元策略生成。论文还探讨了可拓城市综合防灾规划策略生成系统的设计原理及初步框架。总之,可拓城市综合防灾规划理论与方法是将可拓学、城市综合防灾规划与城市专项防灾规划的理论与实践进行交叉融合,构建起可拓城市综合防灾规划的理论框架,并形成用以解决城市综合防灾规划中的矛盾问题、提高城市综合防灾规划编制及决策水平的可拓城市综合防灾规划应用方法。本研究为城市综合防灾规划领域增添了新的理论与方法,为城市综合防灾规划的策略生成过程提供了形式化的表达工具,进而为城市综合防灾规划的人工智能化进程提供了理论基础与技术支持。同时,本研究将可拓学在城市规划领域的应用范围拓展到了城市防灾规划的研究与实践之中。
[Abstract]:In recent years, city disaster prevention has become a research focus in the field of urban and rural planning. The city comprehensive disaster prevention planning as one of the statutory planning overall planning of the city, occupies an important position in the overall planning of the city. This paper introduces the extenics theory and methods used in the study of city comprehensive disaster prevention planning, using extenics model can to solve problems and achieve innovation advantage, to make up for the shortcomings of the existing city comprehensive disaster prevention planning theory and method of the research, from the location, type, basic principle to construct the extension theory framework of city comprehensive disaster prevention planning, and disaster prevention planning for different types of contradictions in the proposed system application relevant methods. For the use of computer aided intelligent strategy of generating city comprehensive disaster prevention planning provides a theoretical support and method of extension platform. City planning is a comprehensive disaster prevention The preparation of comprehensive disaster prevention planning city and decision makers in the program development process, the application of the theory and method of extenics, especially the extension analysis of the application of the method of extension thinking modes and the model of the extension, through the analysis and transformation of disaster prevention planning objectives and conditions, to resolve the incompatible problems and opposing conflict and put forward the activity and process of innovative ideas and specific solutions. Its basic principle includes element expression of city comprehensive disaster prevention planning, extension thinking modes, extension analysis, extension transformation; operation process including the definition of disaster prevention planning problems, analysis of the objectives and conditions of disaster and disaster prevention elements transformation, strategy generation and evaluation four steps; the type of single light LED (led to fire, flood dominated typical) and multi disaster. The fire led coexistence extension comprehensive disaster prevention planning method of city comprehensive use Extenics method to solve the fire led attention problems of comprehensive disaster prevention plan and other planning objectives in. Aiming at the characteristics of fire means leading comprehensive disaster prevention plan, put forward to meet the strategy method to generate all kinds of fire planning objectives, it is divided into two parts to meet the norms of the target and the planning target of fire according to the characteristics of the whole process; the fire led city comprehensive disaster prevention plan, put forward to prevent from fire, fire rescue, the three stages of reconstruction after the fire, the extension design method to enhance the efficiency of the fire plan; according to the characteristics of land use and fire facilities in peacetime and disaster when the different functional requirements, from the dangerous source of land water and fire facilities planning and design two aspects put forward the realization of transforming bridge method. Combined with the fire disaster planning and flood control oriented extension city comprehensive disaster prevention planning method is the integrated use of can Extension method, to solve the flood control problem is dominant, both methods of comprehensive disaster prevention plan and other planning objectives in the means of flood control. For many leading comprehensive disaster prevention plan, put forward to meet the needs of various flood control planning strategy generating method, divided into specific flood control standards and meet meet two goals for flood control; features of the whole process of flood control oriented city comprehensive disaster prevention plan, put forward to prevent from the flood, flood evacuation, flood reconstruction extension design method of three processes to enhance the efficiency of flood control planning; flood control for land and facilities in peacetime and disaster characteristics of different functional requirements, from the flood control channel and flood wetland planning the design of the two aspects, proposed the realization of transforming bridge method. Combined with the flood control planning disaster disaster coexisted extension method of comprehensive disaster prevention planning in the city, is the single kind of disaster leading type Based on the method of comprehensive disaster prevention plan to achieve multi disaster common defense and secondary disasters both defense extension planning method. Firstly, we propose a method to generate multi disaster prevention planning coexistence issues, including the assessment of city disaster risk and disaster prevention capabilities, collection and classification of the Royal anti multi disaster, extension model disaster defense issues; secondly, put forward multi disaster prevention planning coexistence problem of channel conversion, including channel contains multi disaster disaster prevention objectives, transform channel multi disaster disaster prevention conditions; finally, put forward the strategy of multi generation multi-objective disaster prevention planning of coexistence, including city comprehensive disaster prevention level of detailed planning the transforming bridge of strategy generation, fuzzy matter-element comprehensive disaster prevention strategy of city overall planning level formation. The thesis also discusses the design of extension strategy generating system of city comprehensive disaster prevention planning principle and preliminary Frame. In short, the extension city comprehensive disaster prevention planning theory and method of extenics is a theory and practice of comprehensive disaster prevention, city planning and city special prevention planning of cross fusion, construct the extension theory framework of city comprehensive disaster prevention plan, and formed to solve problems of city comprehensive disaster prevention planning, improve the extension city comprehensive disaster prevention planning application method of city comprehensive disaster prevention planning and decision-making level. This study adds a new theory and method for the field of city comprehensive disaster prevention plan, provides tools to express formal strategies for the generation process of city comprehensive disaster prevention plan, provide theoretical foundation and technical support for the process of city and artificial intelligence comprehensive disaster prevention planning. At the same time, this study will be extension application range in the field of city planning to expand the research and practice of city disaster prevention planning.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU984.116
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本文编号：1511394