陆域天然气水合物生境下微生物多样性及新种分类学研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 14:04

  本文选题：天然气水合物　切入点：冻土　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：天然气水合物是一种新型的潜在能源,因其燃烧污染小、能量密度高、资源量巨大等特点而备受关注。2009年,我国在青海省祁连山永久冻土区钻获天然气水合物实物样品,至此跻身陆域天然气水合物矿藏含量最丰富的国家行列。目前,对陆域天然气水合物调查工作已获得大量成果,但天然气水合物形成控制因素复杂,成藏机制与分布规律仍不明确,制约了天然气水合物找矿工作。本课题从微生物多样性角度出发,以祁连山木里盆地三露天井田为重点研究区域,并结合东北漠河冻土区和青藏高原羌塘冻土区地下微生物多样性成果,从群落结构、群落分布、种群互作关系、功能分析及微生物与天然气水合物关系,探讨陆域天然气水合物生境下微生物特征。以期为陆域天然气水合物形成机理和分布规律、天然气水合物区域的划分和后期开发环境生态监测等研究提供依据。同时,从实验室已有的木里地区、漠河地区、羌塘地区地下微生物资源库中筛选可疑新种,进行分类学鉴定。旨在丰富人们对天然气水合物生境下微生物物种的认识,为天然气水合物生境下微生物资源的开发和利用奠定基础。论文的主要结论如下:(1)在陆域天然气水合物生境下,存在大量细菌,其含量与普通土壤环境中的细菌含量相当。微生物物种丰富,共发现23个菌门,645个菌属。在该生境下,微生物特征菌群为Pseudomonas和Sphingomonas,但Pseudomonas与Sphingomonas两属互斥。从菌群功能来看,微生物主要参与有机质分解作用,这一特点与该生境下富含有机质的特点相符。在该生境下,存在产甲烷菌、甲烷厌氧氧化菌ANME-2d和甲烷好氧氧化菌Methylosinus以及SRB,但SRB不参与甲烷厌氧氧化作用。从纵向分布来看,细菌、古菌群落结构及产甲烷菌、甲基营养菌、SRB与天然气水合物分布关系不大。从横向分布来看,产甲烷菌、甲基营养菌及SRB均与天然气水合物的分布相关,与推测的天然气水合物平面区相符。(2)祁连山木里盆地地下微生物资源库的新菌DK6-37T为Hymenobbacter菌属新种成员,命名为Hymenobacter qilianensis sp.nov.,其简要特征如:菌种为红色、圆形、无运动性、革兰氏阴性细菌。其最适生长条件为28℃、pH 7.0、0%(w/v)NaCl。MK-7为主要醌。极性脂包括磷脂酰乙醇胺、两种未知氨基磷脂、一种未知氨脂和三种未知极性脂。主要脂肪酸为summedfeature3(C16:1ω7c和/或 C16:1ω6c)、summed feature 4(anteiso-C17:1 B和/或 iso-C17:1I)、C16:1ω5c,iso-C17:03-OH,iso-C15:0和C18:0。DNA G+C含量为67mol%。(3)东北漠河盆地地下微生物资源库的新菌Z8T为Phyllobacteriaaceae菌科新属新种成员,命名为Tianweitania sediminis gen.nov.,sp.nov.。Tianweitania sediminis的简要特征如:主要的脂肪酸为summed feature 4(iso-C17:1 I和/或anteiso-C17:1 B)summed feature 8(C18:1ω7c和/C18:1ω6c);主要醌为ubiquinone-10;主要的极性脂为糖脂、磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酰甲基乙醇胺。DNA G+C 含量为 59.6 mol%。(4)东北漠河盆地地下微生物资源库的新菌Z6T为Sphingomonas菌属新种成员,命名为Sphingomonas mohensis sp.nov.,其简要特点如:菌种为棒状、革兰氏阴性菌。其最适生长条件为300℃、pH7、0%(w/v)NaCl。主要极性脂包括双磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰乙醇胺、神经鞘糖脂和两种未知磷脂;主要醌为ubiquinone-10;主要脂肪酸包括 summed feature 8(C18:1ω7c 和/或C18:1ω6c和 summed feature 3(C16:1ω6c和/或C16:1ω7c);主要多胺为高精脒。DNAG+C含量为65.2 mol%。
[Abstract]:Natural gas hydrate is a new type of potential energy, because of its low pollution combustion, high energy density, the huge amount of resources is concerned of the characteristics of.2009, China drilled gas hydrate samples in Qinghai Province, Qilian Mountains permafrost area, so far among the terrestrial gas hydrate ranks the most abundant mineral content of the country at present, has been a lot of achievements on terrestrial gas hydrate investigation, but the formation of natural gas hydrate complex control factors, formation mechanism and distribution law is not clear, the restriction of natural gas hydrate prospecting work. This topic from the perspective of microbial diversity in Qilian mountain, in the basin Sanlou day mine as research area and, combined with underground permafrost microbial Qiangtang Mohe County northeast permafrost area of Qinghai Tibet Plateau and diversity results from the community structure, community distribution, population interaction, functional analysis and microbial And the relationship between gas hydrate, investigate the microbial characteristics of terrestrial gas hydrate habitats. In order to land formation mechanism and distribution of natural gas hydrate, provide the basis for the study of division and later development of ecological environment monitoring of gas hydrate area. At the same time, Mohe County from the laboratory existing Muli area, Qiangtang area, screening of suspicious species area of underground microbial resources, taxonomic identification. To enrich the people to the natural gas hydrate habitat knowledge of microbial species, and lay the foundation for the development of microbial resources of natural gas hydrate and habitat use. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) in terrestrial gas hydrate habitats, there are a large number of bacteria, the bacterial content is the content and the common soil environment. Microbial species, were found in 23 strains, 645 genera. In this habitat, biological characteristics of micro bacteria Group Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas, but Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas two. From the mutex function bacteria, microbial decomposition of organic matter in the main role, the characteristics and the characteristics of rich habitats containing organic matter. In this habitat, presence of methanogenic bacteria, anaerobic oxidation of methane bacteria and aerobic methane oxidizing bacteria ANME-2d Methylosinus and SRB, but SRB is not involved in anaerobic methane oxidation. From the vertical distribution of bacteria, and archaea community structure and methanogens, methylotrophic bacteria, SRB and gas hydrate distribution has little relationship. From the horizontal distribution, methanogens, distribution of methylotrophic bacteria and SRB were related with gas hydrate natural gas hydrate, consistent with the planar region inference. (2) Qilian Shanmu new strain DK6-37T basin underground microbial resource for the new member of the Hymenobbacter genus, named Hymenobacter qilianensis sp.no V., the brief features such as: it is red, round, no movement of gram negative bacteria. The optimum growth conditions of 28 DEG C, pH 7.0,0% (w/v) NaCl.MK-7 as major quinone. Polar lipids including phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminophospholipids, an unknown ammonia fat and three kinds of not knowledge of polar lipids. Major fatty acids were summedfeature3 (C16:1. 7C and / or C16:1 6C summed feature 4 w (anteiso-C17:1), B and / or iso-C17:1I), C16:1 iso-C17:03-OH, Omega 5C, iso-C15:0 and C18:0.DNA G+C were 67mol%. (3) new strain Z8T in Northeast Mohe County basin microbial resource for new genus the new members of the Phyllobacteriaaceae strain named Tianweitania sediminis gen.nov., sp.nov..Tianweitania sediminis, briefly features such as: the main fatty acid of summed feature 4 (iso-C17:1 I and / or anteiso-C17:1 B (C18:1) summed feature 8 7C /C18:1 6C and Omega omega); main quinone Ubiq Uinone-10; polar lipids are glycolipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidyl ethanolamine methyl.DNA G+C content was 59.6 mol%. (4) new strain Z6T in Northeast Mohe County basin groundwater microbial resource for Sphingomonas bacteria species members, named Sphingomonas mohensis sp.nov., the brief characteristics such as: it is rod-shaped, gram negative bacteria. The optimum growth conditions for 300 DEG C, pH7,0% (w/v) NaCl. polar lipids including double phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, neural glycosphingolipids and two unknown phospholipids; main quinone ubiquinone-10; main fatty acids including summed feature 8 (C18:1 7C and / or 6C and summed C18:1. Feature 3 (C16:1. 6C and / or C16:1. 7C); the main polyamine as high spermidine content of.DNAG+C is 65.2 mol%.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q93;P618.13
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本文编号：1561338