动态负荷模拟加载微机自动测试系统关键技术研究及应用

发布时间：2018-03-15 23:37

本文选题：模拟加载　切入点：动态负荷　出处：《华北电力大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在工程实际中,如何准确获得动态负荷条件下电机运行性能参数并进行能效评估,是现阶段电机系统节能领域亟待解决的重要课题。为了解决这一难题,本文以游梁式抽油机电动机典型动态负荷为例,通过理论分析、数值计算、试验研究以及“标准井”现场测试相结合的方法,建立一套具备动态负荷模拟加载测试功能的室内电动机高精度微机自动测试系统,通过调整上位机模型参数即可实现不同动态负载工况的精确模拟加载及能效测试。主要工作如下：1.研究了微机自动测试系统各测试环节仪用互感器、数据采集卡及上位机等非标设备对其整体测量精度的影响,建立了系统整体测试误差分析模型,提出了相应修正措施和软件解决方案以提高系统测量精度,有效解决了微机自动测试系统开发设计初期,根据系统整体测量精度要求进行元器件设备精度选型的问题。2.在变频器驱动伺服电机作负载的应用场合,通过现场实测方法证实了负载扭矩中风摩耗及附加转矩的存在,揭示了在变频器驱动精度很高的情况下,该负载单元实际加载精度较差的问题；并提出两种不依赖内部参数的高精度加载控制策略,现场测试表明PI控制和模糊控制两者稳态精度近似相同,但后者动态响应更迅速。3.鉴于现有抽油机模型在求解精度与仿真速度方面的不足,将抽油杆阻尼非线性波动方程归结为Dirichlet第一类边值问题求解,建立用于动态在线测试的实用仿真模型；以负载曲线为模拟对象,提出一种基于GA算法的抽油机“等效”模型参数求解方法.研制一套具备动态负荷模拟测试功能的高精度微机自动测试系统。4.通过对油田各项节能措施的节能机理进行分析,结合抽油机四连杆几何运动规律,剖析了驴头悬点动载荷与电机转速间的作用关系,利用抽油机负载曲线“削峰”和“错峰”机理,探索研究了一种适用于周期性势能负荷的变频-调压分段协调节能控制策略,可为开展油田电机节能新技术提供重要理论支撑。
[Abstract]:In engineering practice, how to accurately obtain motor performance parameters and evaluate energy efficiency under dynamic load condition is an important issue in the field of motor energy saving. In this paper, the typical dynamic load of beam pumping unit motor is taken as an example. Through theoretical analysis, numerical calculation, experimental study and field test of "standard well", the method is proposed. A high precision microcomputer automatic test system for indoor motor is established, which has the function of dynamic load simulation and load testing. By adjusting the parameters of the upper computer model, the accurate simulated loading and energy efficiency testing under different dynamic load conditions can be realized. The main work is as follows: 1. The instrument transformers used in each test link of the microcomputer automatic test system are studied. The influence of non-standard equipment, such as data acquisition card and upper computer, on the overall measurement accuracy of the system is discussed. The analysis model of the overall measurement error of the system is established, and the corresponding correction measures and software solutions are put forward to improve the measurement accuracy of the system. It effectively solves the problem of selecting the precision of components and devices according to the requirements of the whole measurement precision of the system in the initial stage of the development and design of the microcomputer automatic test system. 2. In the application of the servo motor driven by the frequency converter as the load, The presence of the load torque stroke friction and additional torque is confirmed by the field measurement method, and the problem of the actual loading accuracy of the load unit is revealed when the drive precision of the inverter is very high. Two high precision load control strategies are proposed, which do not depend on internal parameters. Field tests show that Pi control and fuzzy control have approximately the same steady-state precision. However, the dynamic response of the latter is faster. 3. In view of the shortcomings of the existing pumping unit model in solving accuracy and simulation speed, the nonlinear wave equation of sucker rod damping is reduced to the solution of the first boundary value problem of Dirichlet. A practical simulation model for dynamic on-line testing is established, and the load curve is taken as the simulation object. In this paper, a method of solving the "equivalent" model parameters of pumping unit based on GA algorithm is proposed. A set of high-precision microcomputer automatic test system .4. which has the function of dynamic load simulation and testing is developed. The energy-saving mechanism of various energy-saving measures in oil field is analyzed. Combined with the geometric movement law of four-link rod of pumping unit, the relationship between the dynamic load of donkey head and motor speed is analyzed, and the mechanism of "cutting peak" and "wrong peak" of load curve of pumping unit is used. In this paper, a coordinated energy-saving control strategy of frequency conversion and voltage regulation for periodic potential load is studied, which can provide important theoretical support for the development of new energy-saving technology for oilfield motors.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE938

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