基于井眼轨迹控制工具的主轴造斜性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 23:28

本文选题：井眼轨迹控制工具　切入点：主轴　出处：《长江大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：井眼轨迹控制工具是集信息化、智能化和自动化为一体,可精确和灵活控制复杂井眼轨迹的新型导向钻井系统,代表先进钻井工具的发展趋势,逐渐在超深井、高难定向井、丛式井、水平井、大位移井和分支井等特殊工艺井中得以应用。这些井的钻进精度、井眼轨迹质量、钻井速度和效率均取决于井眼轨迹控制工具主轴的井下力学行为和造斜性能。因此,本文依据“十一五”和“十二五”研究的井眼轨迹控制工具样机和动态模拟测试台架,开展了工具主轴造斜性能的理论研究、数值模拟与实验验证。根据井眼轨迹控制工具的具体结构,将工具主轴简化为一端悬臂、另一端铰支的超静定梁,建立了主轴在弯曲状态下的静力学模型,构建了工具外壳变形、偏心距与主轴挠度和偏转角的相互关系,建立了偏心机构作用力与偏心距、外壳载荷、上下端轴承间距等因素的函数关系,得到了工具主轴临界钻压;依据样机主轴的相关结构参数,对主轴静力学模型进行了求解,得出了工具主轴的弯曲导向力、偏转角和临界钻压等关键参数值。针对偏心机构内环旋转、外环旋转和内外环同时旋转三种运动状态,研究了工具主轴弯曲变形后截面中心的运动规律;分析了驱动内外偏心环旋转的传动件与内环开孔的装配关系;基于内、外偏心环运动矢量合成,建立了内外环合成偏心距、旋转角度与主轴偏心矢量的运动模型,得出了内外环偏转与测点处主轴偏移量的关系,完成了井眼轨迹控制工具主轴的运动学分析。基于转子动力学基本理论,结合Hamilton理论与能量法,在考虑钻压、扭矩、转速等工作参数下,建立了井眼轨迹控制工具稳态下的主轴动力学模型,为了求解该模型,建立了有限元分析模型,为研究主轴动力学特性和主轴造斜性能奠定了基础。依据建立的工具主轴静力学和运动学模型,对工具主轴的力学行为和造斜性能进行了数值模拟分析,得到了外壳刚度和载荷对主轴力学行为和造斜性能的影响规律,即偏心机构作用力、主轴最大截面弯矩和主轴偏转角随外壳刚度的增加而增加,随外壳载荷的增加而减小;模拟了偏心机构安装位置和主轴刚度对主轴力学行为和造斜性能的影响规律,提出了工具主轴的优化设计方案,即保持主轴截面积不变而改变截面尺寸来降低主轴刚度,可减小偏心结构作用力和主轴最大截面弯矩,且几乎不影响主轴偏转角和造斜性能;外壳刚度和主轴刚度比值最佳为25;外壳载荷将降低主轴的造斜性能,应尽量减小;偏心机构应安装在距上端悬臂轴承为主轴长度的9/12处。依据建立的主轴动力学模型,模拟了转速和偏心距对主轴动力学特性和造斜性能的影响规律,得出在波动钻压激励下,主轴动力学特性和造斜性能都呈现相应的微小波动,即随着转速的增大,偏心机构作用力、组合轴承支撑反力和主轴偏转角的平均值不变,波动周期减小、频率增大、振幅不变;随着偏心距的增大,偏心机构作用力、组合轴承支撑反力和主轴偏转角的平均值增加,波动周期和频率不变、振幅增加;模拟了转速为60rpm、偏心距1~6mm变化时、测点处主轴偏移量的变化规律,结果表明主轴偏移量的平均值随偏心距的增大而增大,波动周期和频率不变、振幅增加。模拟了不同波动钻压下测点处主轴偏移量平均值的变化规律,结果显示两组数据基本相同,说明钻压的变化对主轴造斜性能几乎没有影响,因此在使用井眼轨迹控制工具作业时,可用小钻压钻进,以保证更高的钻井安全性。在井眼轨迹控制工具动态模拟测试台架上,开展了工具主轴的造斜功能和造斜性能的室内实验,完成了主轴在空载和加载两种状态下主轴造斜偏移的室内测试,共采集到了13740组测点处主轴偏移量的实验数据,并用拉伊达准则进行了处理分析。结果表明静力学模型、运动学模型、动力学模型的计算结果与实验结果的吻合度较高,最大误差为4.7%,验证了主轴的造斜性能。在工具主轴与内偏心环接触分析的基础上,分析了偏心机构内环与主轴接触应力的变化规律,得到了内外环合成偏心距、偏心机构内环宽度、偏心机构内环结构圆角及主轴外径对接触应力的影响规律;采用线性疲劳累积损伤理论并结合主轴材料的疲劳寿命实验,建立了工具主轴的累积损伤计算公式,求解了主轴的疲劳寿命,结果表明主轴的造斜可靠性能够得到保证。
[Abstract]:Well trajectory control tool is a set of information, intelligence and automation as a whole, a new steering drilling system for precise and flexible control of complex well trajectory, the development trend of advanced drilling tools, gradually in the ultra deep, difficult directional wells, cluster wells, horizontal wells, large displacement wells and wells branch special process the wells are used. These wells drilling accuracy, well trajectory quality, speed and efficiency are determined on the mechanical behavior of downhole drilling hole trajectory control tool spindle and whipstocking performance. Therefore, this paper on the basis of the "11th Five-Year" and "12th Five-Year" on the well trajectory control simulation test bench tool prototype and dynamic development the tool spindle deflecting performance theory research, numerical simulation and experimental verification. According to the specific structure of the well trajectory control tool, the tool spindle is simplified as the cantilever end, the other end hinged hyperstatic beams, The static model is established in main shaft bending condition, construction tool shell deformation, the relationship between the eccentricity and shaft deflection and the deflection angle of the eccentric force and eccentric mechanism is established from the housing, upper and lower bearing load, the function relationship between the distance and other factors, the tool spindle critical drilling pressure; according to the relevant parameters of the prototype structure the spindle, the spindle static model is solved, the bending guide force tool spindle are obtained, and the deflection angle of critical drilling pressure and other key parameters. According to the eccentric rotating inner ring, the outer ring and the outer ring rotation while rotating three kinds of motion, motion of the tool spindle center section after bending deformation; analysis the relationship between the internal and external driven assembly eccentric ring rotation of the drive piece and the inner ring hole; based on internal, external eccentric ring motion vector synthesis, established the synthesis of inner and outer ring eccentricity, rotation angle The motion model and spindle eccentricity vector, the relation between the inner and outer ring deflection and measuring point axis offset, the kinematics analysis of wellbore trajectory control tool spindle. The basic theory of rotor dynamics based on the combination of Hamilton theory and the energy method, considering the drilling pressure, torque, speed and other parameters, establishes the well trajectory control tool spindle dynamics model under steady state, in order to solve the model, a finite element analysis model is established for the study of dynamic characteristics of spindle, spindle and laid the foundation for deflecting performance. According to the static tool spindle mechanics and kinematics model, the mechanical behavior of the tool spindle and the deflecting performance is analyzed numerically. The shell stiffness and load on the main mechanical behavior and deflecting properties, namely eccentric force, spindle maximum bending moment and deflection angle of shell with rigid spindle The degree of increase with the increase of shell load decreases; simulation of the eccentric mechanism installation position and rigidity of spindle spindle on mechanical behavior and the influence law of oblique performance, put forward the optimized design scheme of the tool spindle, the spindle to maintain a constant cross section area and change the section size to reduce the stiffness of the spindle can be reduced. The structure of eccentric force and spindle maximum bending moment, and almost does not affect the spindle rotation angle and the oblique performance; stiffness ratio and stiffness of spindle shell is 25 best; housing load will reduce the spindle deflecting performance should be minimized; eccentric mechanism should be installed in the upper end of the cantilever bearing distance 9/12 spindle length. On the basis of the spindle dynamics model is established, simulation speed and eccentricity of spindle dynamics and deflecting properties, that fluctuations in the drilling pressure excitation, spindle dynamics and whipstocking can show Small fluctuations in the corresponding, that with the increasing of speed, eccentric force, bearing force and support the average of the spindle deflection angle, wave period decreases and the frequency increases, the amplitude unchanged; with the increase of eccentricity, eccentric force, bearing support force and spindle deflection angle of the average increase. Fluctuation cycle and frequency constant amplitude increase; the simulation speed is 60rpm, eccentricity 1~6mm change, change rule of measuring point axis offset, the result shows that the average value of the spindle offset with the eccentricity increase, wave period and frequency constant amplitude increase. To simulate the change law of different wave drill pressure measuring point spindle offset mean values, the results showed that the two groups of data are basically the same, that changes the drilling pressure has little effect on the performance of drilling spindle, therefore the use of well trajectory control tool operation, The available low bit pressure drilling, drilling to ensure more safety. In the dynamic simulation test bench control well trajectory, carry out the tool spindle deflecting function and deflecting properties of indoor experiments, completed the spindle in the unloaded and loaded under two spindle whipstocking offset indoor test, were collected the 13740 groups of experimental data of measuring points of spindle deviation, and analyzed by Rajda criterion. The results show the mechanical model, kinematics model, high degree of agreement calculation results of kinetic model and experimental results, the maximum error is 4.7%, verified the spindle deflecting performance in the tool spindle and the eccentric. Ring contact on the basis of the analysis, analyzed the inner eccentric mechanism and spindle contact stress, the inner and outer ring synthesis eccentricity, eccentric mechanism of inner ring width, round and spindle inner structure diameter eccentric mechanism Based on the linear fatigue cumulative damage theory and the fatigue life test of spindle material, the cumulative damage calculation formula of tool spindle is established, and the fatigue life of the spindle is solved. The results show that the reliability of the spindle is guaranteed.

【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE92

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