基于时空可达性的交通网络设计模型及算法研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 22:11

本文选题：可达性　切入点：时空网络　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：时空可达性是衡量交通运输系统服务水平的一个综合性指标,它是在分析个体时空行为的基础上,将满足出行者到达活动地点的需求放在首位。可达性的增强有助于提高出行者到达特定活动地点的便利程度,交通设施的改进和交通服务的改善均可带来可达性的显著提升。因此,以时空可达性为优化目标的交通网络设计和交通服务网络设计研究具有重要的理论意义和工程实践价值。本文将时间地理学中描述可达性的时空路径、时空棱镜、时空锥等分析工具与交通领域中的时空网络框架进行了融合,提出了个体可达性在时空网络中的描述方法。本文以交通基础设施网络为应用背景,研究了基于时空可达性的交通网络问题;以交通服务网络为应用背景、以定制公交服务为具体案例,研究了基于时空可达的定制公交服务网络设计问题。形成了具有通用性的、考虑个体时空可达性的交通网络设计问题的建模和求解理论框架,为以可达性为导向的交通规划与管理工作提供了理论基础。本文的主要研究内容如下。(1)系统论述了时空网络框架的基本思想和构建方法,梳理了从物理网络到时空网络再到时空状态网络的演化过程。为了说明上述各类网络与数学模型的联系,分别针对三种网络类型建立了对应的最小费用路径线性规划模型。(2)将时间地理学中描述可达性的时空路径、时空棱镜等分析工具与交通领域中的时空网络框架进行了融合。将时空棱镜进行了离散化表示,使其可以在时空网络中进行表示;将时空路径转化为时空网络中的时空轨迹,提出了在交通时空网络中判断活动地点是否可达的方法,并借助动态时间网络棱镜给出了适用于时间依赖交通网络的可达性计算公式。(3)在时间地理学时空棱镜的理论框架下研究了基于时空可达性的交通网络设计问题。以时空棱镜理论框架的角度构建了时空网络,以最小化不可达活动地点为优化目标建立了基于时空可达性的交通网络设计的线性规划模型,并分析了理论模型与工程实践之间的联系,利用拉格朗日分解技术将原问题分解为最小费用路径子问题和背包子问题分别求解,并在芝加哥交通网中进行算例验证,为以优化出行者时空可达性为目标的交通网络设施建设或改善工作提供了理论依据。(4)从时间地理学角度分析了在定制公交服务中乘客的出行过程,提出了时空窗的概念来描述乘客受时空约束的出行行为。通过识别时空锥中离散的时空点集合,得到可适用于时空网络的时空窗。时空窗概念的引入有助于描述出行者灵活的、差异化的时空行为,如乘客可选择多个上车或下车地点、可以判断不同乘客的潜在汇合地点等。(5)利用所提出的时空窗概念,研究了基于时空可达的定制公交服务网络设计问题。在考虑车辆能力和运营商盈利等约束条件的基础上,建立了以最小化不可达乘客数量为主要优化目标的线性规划模型。设计了求解基于时空可达的定制公交服务网络设计模型的算法,该算法共包括乘客分组、运用拉格朗日分解技术将原问题分解为带约束的广义分配问题和最小费用路径问题和利用次梯度方法对拉格朗日乘子进行迭代等步骤。利用小规模算例和基于北京交通网络的大规模算例,验证了所提出模型和算法的有效性。
[Abstract]:Spatial accessibility is a comprehensive index to measure the service level of transportation system, which is based on the analysis of individual spatial behavior, will satisfy the travelers to reach the venue needs in the first place. Enhanced convenience helps to improve the traveler to a particular venue accessibility, traffic facilities improvement and transport service improvement can bring significantly improved accessibility. Therefore, it has important theoretical significance and engineering practical value of traffic network design and transportation service network design optimization based on space-time accessibility. This paper will describe the space-time path, the accessibility of time geography space-time prism, the space-time network framework of spatio-temporal analysis tools such as cone and in the field of traffic of integration, put forward the individual accessibility description method in the time-space network. In this paper, the application background of transportation infrastructure network, Study on the problem of traffic network based on space-time accessibility; with the transportation service network as the application background, the customized bus service as an example, on a customized bus service network design problem based on spatial temporal accessibility. The formation of a universal theoretical framework, considering the modeling and solving traffic network design problem of individual space accessibility. To provide a theoretical basis for traffic planning and management work to accessibility oriented. The main contents of this paper are as follows. (1) discusses the basic idea and the method of constructing space-time network framework, combed from the physical network to the space-time network to the spatiotemporal evolution of state network. In order to illustrate the various types of network and mathematics the model links were established for minimum cost path corresponding to the linear programming model for the three types of network. (2) the time when describe accessibility in geography The empty path, the space-time network framework of space-time prism analysis tools in the field of traffic and the fusion. The discrete space-time prism, which can be expressed in the time-space network; the space-time path into space-time trajectories of the time-space network, and puts forward the method of location is reachable judgment in the traffic space in the network, and using dynamic time network reachability formula prism for time dependent network traffic is given. (3) in the framework of the theory of time geography space-time prism were studied under the traffic network design problem based on space-time accessibility. The theoretical framework in the space-time prism angle constructs the space network, to minimize the unreachable activities where is the optimization goal linear programming model was established to design traffic network based on space-time accessibility, and analysis between theoretical model and engineering practice link, and Using the Lagrange decomposition technique to decompose the original problem into the minimum cost path problem and back bun problems were solved and verified in Chicago traffic network, which provide the theory basis to optimize the traveler space-time accessibility as the goal of the traffic network infrastructure construction or improvement work. (4) from the perspective of time geography the passengers in the travel process customized bus service, put forward the concept of time window to describe the behavior of the passengers travel by time and space constraints. By discrete time space recognition cone set, get the spatio-temporal window can be applied to the space network. The introduction of the concept of time window helps to describe travelers flexible, spatiotemporal behavior the difference, such as passengers can choose multiple boarding or alighting locations, passengers can determine the different potential place of rendezvous. (5) using the spatio-temporal window of the proposed concept, based on time and space can be The problem of customized bus services. Based on Design of network operators consider the vehicle capacity and profitability constraints, establish the linear programming model to minimize the number of passengers is not the main target of optimization is designed to solve the time. Up to a custom bus service network design model and algorithm based on the algorithm, including passenger packet by using the Lagrange decomposition technique, the problem is decomposed into the generalized assignment problem with constraints and minimum cost path problem and the subgradient method of Lagrange multipliers iteration steps. Using a small scale example and based on the traffic network of Beijing's massive examples, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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