复合腐殖生物填料强化A-OSA工艺处理效能及微生物机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 12:08

本文选题：A-O_(HA)SA工艺　切入点：复合腐殖生物填料　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：剩余污泥处理和处置是制约污水生物处理技术发展的重要瓶颈,而剩余污泥减量技术作为从根源上解决这一问题的最佳选择,已经成为目前污水生物处理领域的研究热点。缺氧-好氧-沉淀-厌氧(anoxic-oxic-settling-anaerobic,A-OSA)工艺因无需外加化学药剂,即可在降低污泥产量的同时,有效去除水中有机污染物,受到广泛关注,但是该工艺脱氮除磷效能不甚理想。为进一步提高A-OSA工艺污泥减量效能,强化A-OSA工艺脱氮除磷能力,将腐殖活性污泥技术与A-OSA工艺相结合,在A-OSA工艺内填加复合腐殖生物填料(以下简称A-O_(HA)SA工艺)。以A-OSA工艺作为试验对比,对A-O_(HA)SA工艺污水处理和污泥减量效能进行了研究,考察了不同工况条件下的系统运行效果与污泥特性,探讨了复合腐殖生物填料对A-O_(HA)SA工艺的作用,并对A-O_(HA)SA工艺的微生物机制进行了研究。为了优化A-O_(HA)SA工艺的运行控制,对不同工况条件下的A-O_(HA)SA工艺运行效能进行了考察。试验结果表明,在复合腐殖生物填料的作用下,A-O_(HA)SA工艺脱氮除磷效能提高的同时,可有效地降低系统污泥产量。当污泥厌氧反应池HRT=5.5h时,A-O_(HA)SA工艺污泥减量效果最佳,污泥减量率分别为23.18%,污泥表观产率系数为Yobs=0.13g MLSS/g COD,COD、NH4+-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为92.69%、91.90%、76.69%和92.19%。水温和有机负荷Ns的变化对剩余污泥产量及COD去除率无明显的影响。污泥龄的变化对COD去除率影响较小,剩余污泥产量与污泥龄呈负相关。pH值较低时,微生物合成受到抑制,A-O_(HA)SA工艺剩余污泥产量降低。当pH值由5.5上升至8.5时,COD平均去除率维持在85%以上,NH4+-N和TN平均去除率分别提高了9.57%和18.89%,TP去除率由86.15%先上升至92.92%,后下降至90.75%。为了揭示A-O_(HA)SA工艺污泥减量机理,对A-O_(HA)SA工艺内腐殖活性污泥的污泥特性进行了分析。试验结果表明,A-O_(HA)SA工艺的SVI均值为72.1mL/g,CST均值为15.9s,分别较A-OSA工艺下降了21.0%和26.7%,污泥沉降性能及脱水性能得到改善。SEM-EDS检测结果表明,A-O_(HA)SA工艺内活性污泥以丝状菌为骨架,结构较A-OSA工艺更为紧密,说明在复合腐殖生物填料的作用下,腐殖活性污泥的微观结构和元素组成发生改变,有利于改善活性污泥的沉降性能和脱水性能。活性污泥胞外聚合物的试验分析结果表明,A-O_(HA)SA工艺主体反应区活性污泥胞外聚合物总量低于A-OSA工艺,说明A-O_(HA)SA工艺内的复合腐殖生物填料可促进活性污泥腐殖化,改变活性污泥的成分、性能、微生物种群结构及代谢途径,有利于提高污泥减量效果与污泥沉降性。根据质量和能量守恒定律,对不同HRT工况条件下,两种工艺的污泥厌氧反应池进出流单位质量污泥燃烧热值、污泥量和污染物浓度分析结果表明,由于A-O_(HA)SA工艺污泥厌氧反应池内的污泥衰减速度和衰减程度要高于A-OSA工艺,对污泥减量工艺中的能量解偶联机制产生影响,从而强化A-O_(HA)SA工艺的污泥减量效能。为了深入研究A-O_(HA)SA工艺内复合腐殖生物填料对污泥减量和脱氮除磷效能的影响,采用Miseq高通量测序技术,对A-O_(HA)SA工艺内活性污泥微生物微生物机制进行了分析。试验结果表明,对A-O_(HA)SA工艺的缺氧池、好氧池及污泥厌氧反应池内污泥样本检测所获得优化序列的OTU数量分别为798、553和453,Chao指数分别为945.01、668.81和517.88,Shannon指数分别为4.82、4.48和4.23,均低于A-OSA工艺的相应区域,说明在复合腐殖生物填料的影响下,A-O_(HA)SA工艺内微生物丰度和多样性发生了较大改变。A-OSA工艺与A-O_(HA)SA工艺内的微生物归属于11个菌门,Proteobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Chloroflexi、Spirochaetae为优势菌群。A-O_(HA)SA工艺内Burkholderiales与Flavobacteriales含量较高,说明在复合腐殖生物填料的影响下,A-O_(HA)SA工艺脱氮除磷能力得到提高的同时,污泥产率下降。A-O_(HA)SA工艺内Saprospiraceae含量较低,有助于提高腐殖活性污泥的沉降性。A-O_(HA)SA工艺内的Hydrogenophaga和Flavobacterium含量较高,使A-O_(HA)SA工艺在低温条件下对污染物有较强的降解能力,可获得较好的污水处理效果。
[Abstract]:The treatment and disposal of excess sludge is an important bottleneck restricting the development of technology for wastewater treatment and sludge reduction technologies, as the best choice to resolve this problem from the source, has become the research hotspot in the field of wastewater treatment. The anoxic oxic settling anaerobic (anoxic-oxic-settling-anaerobic, A-OSA) process without additional chemical agent you can, in reducing sludge yield and effective removal of organic pollutants in water, attracted widespread attention, but the process of nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency is not ideal. In order to further improve the efficiency of A-OSA sludge reduction, nitrogen and phosphorus removal capacity, enhanced A-OSA process, the humus activated sludge technology and A-OSA technology combined with A-OSA process adding composite humic bio filler (hereinafter referred to as A-O_ (HA) SA process). On the process of A-OSA as test results of A-O_ (HA) SA process of sewage treatment and sludge reduction. Can be studied, investigated the effect of system operation under different conditions and the characteristics of sludge, discusses compound humic bio filler on A-O_ (HA) SA technology, A-O_ (HA) and the mechanism of microbial SA process were studied. In order to optimize the A-O_ (HA) SA operation control technology, for different under the condition of A-O_ (HA) SA process performance were investigated. The experimental results show that the composite humic bio filler under the action of A-O_ (HA) SA process for nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency is improved at the same time, can effectively reduce the sludge production. When the sludge anaerobic reaction tank HRT=5.5h, A-O_ (HA) of sludge SA process reduction are the best, the sludge reduction rate was 23.18%, sludge yield coefficient for Yobs=0.13g MLSS/g COD, COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP average removal rates were 92.69%, 91.90%, 76.69% and 92.19%. and Ns temperature load change on excess sludge production The amount and the removal rate of COD had no significant effect. The changes of sludge age had little effect on COD removal rate, sludge yield and sludge age was negatively correlated with lower.PH value, microbial synthesis was inhibited, A-O_ (HA) SA process to reduce excess sludge production. When the pH value increased from 5.5 to 8.5, average COD the removal rate remained above 85%, the average removal rate of NH4+-N and TN were increased by 9.57% and 18.89%, the removal rate of TP from 86.15% to rise to 92.92%, then decreased to 90.75%. A-O_ (HA) in order to reveal the mechanism of sludge reduction process SA, A-O_ (HA) characteristics of sludge SA process of humic activated sludge were analyzed. The test results show that A-O_ (HA) SA process SVI mean 72.1mL/g, mean CST 15.9s, compared with the A-OSA process decreased by 21% and 26.7%, the sludge settleability and dewatering performance improved the results of.SEM-EDS showed that A-O_ (HA) SA activated sludge process in filamentous bacteria for Skeleton structure than the A-OSA process more closely, in the composite humic bio packing under the effect of microstructure and element composition of humus activated sludge change, is conducive to the improvement of sludge sedimentation and dewatering performance. The test results show that the activated sludge extracellular polymer, A-O_ (HA) SA process the main reaction zone EPS total less than A-OSA technology, A-O_ (HA) composite humic bio packing SA process in activated sludge can promote the humification, change the performance of activated sludge, composition, microbial community structure and metabolic pathway, is conducive to the improvement of sludge reduction effect and sludge settleability. According to the law of conservation of mass and energy, to different HRT conditions, the sludge anaerobic reaction tank two technology import flow per unit mass sludge combustion calorific value, sludge volume and pollutant concentration analysis results show that the A-O_ (HA) SA The process of anaerobic sludge in the reactor sludge decay rate and the degree of attenuation is higher than that of A-OSA process, have an impact on the sludge reduction process in the energy uncoupling mechanism, thereby strengthening the A-O_ (HA) SA sludge reduction process performance. In order to study the A-O_ (HA) SA process in the composite humic bio filler effect on sludge reduction and nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency, using Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology, A-O_ (HA) SA in the process of activated sludge microorganism mechanism is analyzed. The experimental results show that the A-O_ (HA) SA anoxic process, detection of sludge samples in aerobic tank and sludge anaerobic reaction tank for OTU number sequence optimization were 798553 and 453, the Chao index was 945.01668.81 and 517.88 respectively, the Shannon index was 4.82,4.48 and 4.23 respectively, the corresponding area was lower than that of A-OSA process, in the effect of composite humic bio filler, A-O_ (HA) SA Change of.A-OSA process and A-O_ microbial abundance and diversity in the Arts (HA) in the process of microbial SA belonging to 11 bacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Spirochaetae as the dominant bacteria.A-O_ (HA) SA in Burkholderiales and Flavobacteriales high technology content, in the effect of composite humic bio filler. A-O_ (HA) SA process for nitrogen and phosphorus removal capacity has been improved at the same time, the sludge yield by.A-O_ (HA) Saprospiraceae in SA process is low, help to improve the.A-O_ settlement of humic activated sludge (HA) and Hydrogenophaga Flavobacterium SA in the high technology content, the A-O_ (HA) SA process degradation ability the stronger of the pollutants in the sewage can be obtained under the condition of low temperature, better treatment effect.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X703

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