电化学沉积技术在电化学传感器和潜指纹显现中的应用

发布时间：2018-04-13 21:47

本文选题：电化学沉积 + 电化学传感器　；参考：《北京科技大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：电化学沉积是一种在外加电压或电流的作用下,使电解质溶液中的待沉积物质在阳极或阴极生成功能性薄膜或涂层的技术。由于它具有成本低,工艺简单,操作容易,环保安全和适用性广的特点,目前已被广泛应用于电镀、表面修饰、防腐及电化学传感器等领域中。电化学沉积技术可以将各种功能性材料如金属、金属氧化物、碳材料、非金属氧化物及复合材料沉积到基体电极上来构建具有宽的线性范围、低的检测限和良好稳定性及选择性的电化学传感器。近几年来,电化学沉积技术被拓展应用到刑侦科学领域中,通过在遗留有潜指纹的导电金属客体上空间选择性地电化学沉积多种物质来显现潜指纹。本文通过电化学沉积石墨烯方法构建了性能良好的电化学传感器,并用于检测中药药物中的和厚朴酚含量及饮料中的生物胺。另外,本文首次将一种新型离子液体体系——极低共熔溶剂应用于电化学共沉积银-铜显现导电金属客体表面的潜指纹。1)电化学沉积石墨烯制备的修饰电极在和厚朴酚电化学传感器中的应用通过电化学还原并沉积氧化石墨烯的方法构建了和厚朴酚的电化学传感器,克服了目前用于和厚朴酚检测的石墨烯修饰电极制备过程中的耗时和难以得到均匀且有效修饰量不可控等缺点。该传感器对和厚朴酚具有良好的催化性能和信号放大作用。通过对石墨烯的修饰量、电解质溶液的pH、富集电位和富集时间四个实验条件的优化,该传感器对和厚朴酚的线性范围达到了5.0×10-9～1.0×10-5M,最低检测限为1.7 nM,优于大多数同类型的电化学传感器。此外,该传感器具有良好的重现性和选择性,并且对实际样品中的和厚朴酚有较好的回收率。2)基于电化学沉积石墨烯方法构建的生物胺电化学传感器首次报道了采用电化学沉积石墨烯方法构建的生物胺电化学传感器。石墨烯修饰电极具有较大的电化学活性面积和更快的电子传递速率,对于章胺和酪胺两种生物胺具有良好的催化和信号放大作用。经过石墨烯的修饰量和电解质溶液的pH的优化后,该传感器表现出了优于大多数同类型传感器的性能。章胺和酪胺的线性检测范围分别为5.0×10-7～4.0×10-5M和1.0×10-7～2.5×10-5M,最低检测限分别为100 nM和30 nM。此外,该传感器还具有良好的重现性、抗干扰能力和稳定性,并且对实际样品中的章胺和酪胺有较好的回收率。3)极低共熔溶剂中电化学共沉积银-铜显现导电金属客体表面的潜指纹在一种极低共熔溶剂中电化学共沉积银-铜来显现了导电金属客体表面的潜指纹,首次实现了离子液体体系中潜指纹的高分辨率显现。经过过沉积电位和沉积时间的优化,该方法可以在短时间(1-5 min)内得到高对比度的潜指纹显现图像,并且该图像能够提供清晰的第二水平信息。此外,该方法可以显现多种不同颜色、粗糙程度和导电性的金属客体(镁、铝、锌、不锈钢、铜、导电玻璃和人民币硬币)表面的各类潜指纹(油性潜指纹、自然潜指纹、新鲜和陈旧潜指纹),是一种简单、快速、环保、适用客体广,显现材料丰富、灵敏度高的新方法,具备良好的实际应用价值。
[Abstract]:Electrochemical deposition is a kind of applied voltage or current under the action of the material to be deposited in the electrolyte solution in the anode or cathode to generate functional film or coating technology. Because it has the advantages of low cost, simple process, easy operation, safety and wide applicability, it has been widely used in electroplating. Surface modification, anticorrosion and electrochemical sensors etc.. The electrochemical deposition technique can be a variety of functional materials such as metal, metal oxide, carbon materials, metal oxides and non composite material deposited onto the substrate electrode to construct with wide linear range, low detection limit and electrochemical sensor with good stability and selectivity in recent years. That is to expand the application of electrochemical deposition technique in the field of science of criminal investigation, through the conductive metal objects have latent fingerprints in the remaining space on the selective deposition of various substances geoelectrochemictry To latent fingerprints. This paper constructs the electrochemical sensor with good performance by method of electrochemical deposition of graphene graphite, and used for the determination of biogenic amines in traditional Chinese medicine and magnolol content and beverage. In addition, this is the first time a new type of ionic liquid system -- low eutectic solvents used in the electrochemical deposition of silver - Copper show the conductive metal object surface latent fingerprint.1) method using modified electrode electrochemical deposition preparation of graphene in honokiol electrochemical sensors through electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide deposition and electrochemical sensor constructed of honokiol, currently used for time-consuming process in the preparation of graphene modified electrode preparation and detection of magnolol it is difficult to obtain uniform and effective modification is not controllable. Overcome the shortcoming that the sensor has good catalytic performance and signal amplification of honokiol by. Modification of graphene, pH of electrolyte solution, optimize the accumulation potential and time of the four experimental conditions, the linear range of the sensor and honokiol reached 5 * 10-9 ~ 1 * 10-5M, the lowest detection limit is 1.7 nM, the electrochemical sensor better than most of the same type. In addition, the sensor has good the reproducibility and selectivity, and good recovery rate of.2 in real samples and honokiol) electrochemical sensor construction method of electrochemical deposition of biogenic amines was reported for the first time based on graphite electrochemical sensor of biogenic amines constructed by electrochemical deposition method of graphene. The graphene modified graphite electrode with electrochemical active area of larger and faster electronic transfer rate, has good catalytic and signal amplification effect on histamine and tyramine chapter two biogenic amines. After modification, the electrolyte solution of graphene pH. After that, the sensor showed better than most of the same type of sensor performance. The linear detection range octopamine and tyramine were 5 * 10-7 ~ 4 * 10-5M and 1 * 10-7 ~ 2.5 * 10-5M, the lowest detection limits were 100 nM and 30 nM. in addition, the sensor has good repeatability. Anti interference ability and stability, and good recovery rate of.3: histamine and tyramine in real samples) very low eutectic solvents in electrochemical co deposition of silver - Copper latent fingerprints of conductive metal object surface in a low eutectic solvent in electrochemical deposition of silver - copper to show potential the fingerprint of conductive metal surfaces, for the first time to achieve a high resolution in ionic liquid system latent fingerprint. After optimization of the deposition potential and deposition time, the method can in a short time (1-5 min) in latent fingerprint with high contrast image and the image appears. The second level can provide clear information. In addition, this method can show a variety of different colors, metal object roughness and conductivity (magnesium, aluminum, zinc, stainless steel, copper, conductive glass and RMB coins) all kinds of latent fingerprint surface (oily fingerprints, natural latent fingerprints, fresh and old fingerprints). Is a simple, fast, environmental protection, wide applicable object, showing abundant material, a new method of high sensitivity, good practical application value.

【学位授予单位】：北京科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O657.1

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