基于磁—流—固耦合分析的对旋风机系统机电性能匹配研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 03:13

本文选题：对旋风机 + 磁-流-固耦合分析　；参考：《哈尔滨理工大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：对旋风机为高风压双级叶轮机械通风设备,其前后级叶轮由前后级电机单独驱动,两级叶轮对转使气流沿轴向流出。对旋风机的送风反风性能良好,近年来已被广泛应用于矿井、隧道等变距离通风换气场合。然而,在变距离送风条件下,对旋风机存在机电性能难以匹配、机械系统振动剧烈等问题。因此,深入研究对旋风机的工作机理,明确影响风机性能的关键因素,并对其运行情况进行有效的预测和控制,是实现对旋风机高精度稳定运行的重要前提。为了更加真实地反映对旋风机电磁场与流场之间的耦合作用与相互影响,本文把电机部分和流体机械部分作为一个整体,以电磁场有限元理论和流场有限元理论为基础,构建对旋风机磁-流耦合仿真模型,对仿真过程中的状态变量残差、瞬态时间步以及信息交互机制进行说明,通过采用分步回归的求解技术,对非惯性负载下的电磁场情况和叶轮变转速下的流场情况进行模拟,完成对旋风机异构仿真系统的瞬态场耦合分析过程,并在此基础上进一步分析对旋风机机械结构的磁-固和流-固耦合特性,为全文的研究工作奠定基础。在进行对旋风机性能研究时,将数值模拟方法与实验测试相结合,对原型风机性能参数值进行计算,得到原型风机性能曲线。引入以电功率为输入的对旋风机系统效率考核指标,对不同工况下对旋风机的运行性能进行研究。为了提高掘进初期和中期对旋风机的系统效率值,在双极对数槽号相位图的基础上,构造具有较高绕组系数且不存在支路环流的变极绕组,详细阐述调衡绕组变极电机的设计过程。通过改变前后两级电机的转速配合方式,使各级电机容量分别与不同送风距离下的两级叶轮负载相匹配,为高性能对旋风机调速控制研究和节能控制研究提供参考。对旋风机为电磁力和气动力协同作用的机电一体化通风设备,为了探究对旋风机运行过程中的机电匹配状况,给出作用在两级叶轮上的脉动力波和两级电机气隙电磁力波的解析计算方法和仿真计算方法。在叶栅翼型气动力解析计算过程中,通过干涉系数考虑孤立翼型的相互作用效果,在仿真计算中,根据伯努利方程直接求解出作用在叶片表面上的气动力。在电机电磁力解析计算过程中,以麦克斯韦定律为理论基础研究各次径向电磁力波的幅频特性。在电磁力仿真计算过程中,通过合适的路径选择,将高精度电磁力虚位移计算法与麦克斯韦应力计算法进行等效,求解切向电磁力和径向电磁力的时变曲线。根据计算结果,说明有限元计算方法的优越性,并进一步得到气动转矩和电磁转矩的时变曲线。借助快速傅里叶变换方法,得到低通滤波后的压力脉动转矩和电机电磁转矩的主要频率、幅值及其变化规律,对气动转矩和电磁转矩存在同频分量时出现的转矩谐振现象进行研究。采用三维激光扫描法构造不同叶片数目的两级叶轮模型,分析前后级叶轮叶片数目配合方式对两级叶轮转矩谐振情况的影响及机械振动与转矩谐振之间的内在联系。同时,进一步研究变工况下的前后级叶的转矩谐振情况,据此选择两级叶轮叶片与两级电动机定转子的最优匹配方式。为了研究由气动力和电磁力频率与固有频率相同时引起的机械共振情况,通过使用RNG k-ε湍流模型模拟对旋风机内部湍流流动情况,获得表征湍流流场特性的主要参数值,说明湍流强度与系统效率之间的关系。同时,对叶轮附近处的压力脉动情况进行监测,以输运方程计算所得湍动能和湍流耗散率为基础,选择Broudband噪声仿真计算模型,分析对旋风机各部件表面上的声功率分布情况。研究电机电磁噪声特性时,根据电磁力得到时域内的集中力及频域内的实部力和虚部力,在ANSYS Mechanical中对不同转子数目的电机定子铁心和机壳部分进行谐响应分析,并在ANSYS Acoustic中完成电机噪声声压级仿真计算过程。
[Abstract]:The cyclone machine for high pressure double impeller mechanical ventilation equipment, driving the impeller by the motor before and after stage alone, two of the impeller axial flow air flow. The anti wind performance of cyclone machine is good, in recent years has been widely used in mines, tunnels and other variable distance ventilation applications. However, in the variable distance air supply condition of cyclone machine electrical performance is difficult to match the problem of mechanical vibration system. Therefore, research on working mechanism of cyclone machine deeply, find the key factors influencing the performance of the fan, and the operation of effective forecast and control, is an important prerequisite for implementation of cyclone high precision and stable operation. In order to more accurately reflect the coupling effect between electric field and flow field of cyclone and influence each other, the motor part and fluid mechanical part as a whole, the electromagnetic field finite element theory Theory and finite element theory, the construction of fan magnetic flow coupling simulation model of state variable residuals in the simulation process, the transient time step and information interaction mechanism is described, solving technique through using step regression, the non inertia load of the electromagnetic field and flow field of the impeller with variable speed simulation analysis process of transient field coupling on heterogeneous cyclone machine simulation system, and on the basis of further analysis on the mechanical structure of solid magnetic cyclone machine and fluid solid coupling characteristics, which lays the foundation for the whole research work. In the study of cyclone machine performance, the numerical simulation method and experimental test the combination of prototype fan performance parameters were calculated by the prototype fan performance curve. With the introduction of electric power input on the system fan efficiency evaluation index, the machine on the cyclone under different conditions Research on the operation performance. In order to improve the driving efficiency of cyclone system early and middle machine value based on bipolar logarithmic slot number phase graph on the structure has higher winding coefficient and no branch circulation pole changing winding design process, regulating winding pole changing motor is introduced in this paper. By changing before and after level two the speed of motor coordination, make the motor capacity respectively matched with the load of different air distance of the two stage impeller, fan speed control to provide the reference for the research and study of energy saving control for high performance. The mechanical and electrical integration of ventilation equipment for electromagnetic fan and aerodynamic forces of synergy, in order to explore the matching situation of electromechanical cyclone in the process of operation, calculation methods and simulation analysis are fluctuating force in the two stage and two stage impeller on the wave motor air gap electromagnetic force wave in cascade aerodynamic. The analytical calculation of the process, the interference coefficient considering the interaction effect of isolated airfoils, in numerical simulation, according to the Bernoulli equation is obtained in the blade aerodynamic surface. In the analysis of the electromagnetic force in the process of calculation, the Maxwell amplitude frequency characteristics of law as the theoretical basis of the radial electromagnetic force wave the electromagnetic force. In the simulation process, through appropriate path selection, calculation method and the Maxwell stress calculation method of equivalent electromagnetic force will move high precision virtual curved line for tangential electromagnetic force and radial electromagnetic force. According to the calculation results, illustrate the superiority of the finite element calculation method, and further gas dynamic torque and torque curves. By fast Fourier transform method, the main frequency of low-pass filter, pressure pulsation of torque and motor torque, and the change of amplitude The law, to study the torque resonance phenomena of pneumatic torque and torque has the same frequency component. The two stage impeller model constructed by 3D laser scanning method with different number of blades, the intrinsic link between the analysis before and after class with the number of impeller blades on the impact of the two stage impeller torque resonance and mechanical vibration and torque resonance at the same time, the further research of torque resonant stage under variable conditions leaves, optimal select two stage impeller blades and two motor stator and rotor matching. In order to study the mechanical resonance by the aerodynamic force and the electromagnetic force frequency and natural frequency caused by the phase at the same time, by using the RNG k- turbulence model to simulate the the internal turbulent flow cyclone machine, the main parameter characterization of flow field characteristics of turbulence, illustrate the relationship between turbulence intensity and efficiency of the system. At the same time, near the impeller Monitoring the pressure fluctuations of the transport equation to calculate turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation rate as the basis, select the Broudband noise model, analysis of the acoustic power distribution of each component on the surface of the cyclone machine. Research on electromagnetic noise characteristics of the motor, according to the electric magnetic force and get concentrated in frequency domain the real part and imaginary force force of motor stator core and shell of different parts of the rotor in the ANSYS Mechanical in the number of harmonic response analysis, and complete the motor noise sound pressure level simulation in ANSYS Acoustic in the calculation process.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH43

【参考文献】