基于流域水循环及其伴生过程的水量水质联合配置研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 10:20

本文选题：水量水质 + 配置　；参考：《中国水利水电科学研究院》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：当前,我国水资源短缺与水污染并存。随着点源污染的逐步控制,非点源污染物已成为我国水环境污染的主要因素。传统的以水量配置为核心的水资源配置已难以适应,需研究涵盖点源、非点源污染综合治理的水量水质联合配置方法。本文在传统水资源配置研究的基础上,提出流域/区域水量水质联合配置理论,构建水量水质联合配置模型,改进“三次平衡”思想建立水量水质联合配置决策思路,并以渭河流域为例,给出了规划年涵盖点源和非点源污染综合治理的水量水质联合配置方案。主要成果如下：(1)以“自然-社会”二元水循环为基础,分析了流域二元水循环及水化学伴生过程。结果表明,在其他条件一定时,污染程度随着用水量的增大而加大,用水量通过改变污染物入河量和径流量影响了污染程度。提出了水量水质联合配置概念和内涵、配置原则、调控机制、配置目标和决策方法等。详细论述了社会经济系统的用水排污决策机制。提出了社会经济系统的用水排污决策方程组,证明了方程组局部均衡解的存在性,分析了均衡解的唯一性和稳定性。结果表明水资源短缺和水环境纳污能力不足是进行水量水质联合配置的必要条件,水量水质联合配置公平与效率矛盾的根源是交易成本和管理成本的存在,水资源不确定性和水环境纳污不确定性会增加用水排污成本。讨论了水资源开发利用和水环境污染相互影响相互制约的关系。提出了污染程度曲线和达标可供水量曲线,达标可供水量曲线和污染程度曲线随着社会经济发展发生变化,变化的总体趋势是水环境污染程度越来越小,水质达标的可利用清洁水量越来越大。(2)耦合水资源配置模型和分布式水文水质模型建立水量水质联合配置模型。构建了水量水质联合配置模型总体框架,总结了各模型子系统的结构及特点。分析了水量水质联合配置模型各子模块之间的数据关系和各子模块之间的时空尺度不匹配问题,提出水量水质联合配置模型调参思路与方法。应用表明,该模型方法可行。在分布式水文模型WEP L的基础上,增加氮磷模拟模块。该模块主要包括土壤层的氮磷转化过程,各营养物的坡面侵蚀和氮磷成分在河道内的迁移转化过程。在传统水量配置模型基础上,分析了优化配置模型水质约束原理,增加了水质约束模块,提出了水质型缺水识别方法。该方法可识别出每个计算分区各行业的水质型缺水量。为适应水量水质联合配置的需求,改进“三次平衡”思想,建立了水量水质联合配置的决策思路。实际应用表明,该决策思路有效。(3)以渭河流域为例进行实例应用研究。对渭河流域进行了水资源评价,评价出了地表水资源、地下水资源和水资源总量等信息；进行了水资源开发利用评价,得出了基准年渭河流域供用耗排信息；进行了水环境评价,得到了渭河流域各主要断面的水质情况,以及点源污染负荷等基本信息。以“渭河干流生态环境需水分析与调度机制”的河道内水量水质生态需求研究结果作为渭河干流主要断面的水量水质生态需求信息。构建氮、磷分布式水质模型,并进行氮磷分布式模拟。根据分布式水文模型天然径流模拟结果和水资源评价结果,在渭河流域三级区套地市概化的基础上,构建基于分质供水的水资源优化配置模型。在水资源开发利用评价的基础上,进行了基准年供需平衡分析,并进行了水质型缺水识别。以各个排污口污水入河量为标准,在分析现状年供用水情况的基础上,模拟分析流域范围内城镇生活和工业用水的耗排情况。在河道实测径流模拟和泥沙模拟的基础上,进行了分布式水文水质模拟与验证,分析了渭河流域点源、非点源污染负荷的时空分布规律,并对点源非点源污染负荷贡献率进行了分析。在供需平衡、耗水平衡和分布式水文水质模拟的基础上,进行了渭河流域基准年问题识别,为规划水平年配置方案的拟定奠定基础。在基准年水量水质联合模拟分析和水资源开发利用问题识别的基础上,以改进“三次平衡”思想为指导,进行了规划年水量水质联合配置方案分析。①在非分质供水供用耗排模拟分析的基础上,进行了现状截污减排条件下的污染物排放预测,并进行了水质模拟,识别出了规划年现状年截污减排水平条件下的水质型缺水情况,为规划年截污减排方案的拟定提供基础。②根据水功能区纳污能力进行了点源污染物总量控制,非点源污染情况不变。结果表明,随着点源污染总量控制的实施,非汛期水质大幅度改善,全流域水质型缺水大幅度减小。但由于未实施非点源污染治理,汛期水质较差,存在着一定量的水质型缺水。说明只对点源污染进行治理,并不能彻底解决流域水质污染的问题,必须进行非点源污染治理。③在点源污染总量控制的基础上,进行非点源污染治理情景模拟。在拟定模拟情景下,汛期水质也大幅度改善,流域基本不存在水质型缺水量。最终结果表明,随着点源污染总量控制的实现和非点源污染的有效治理,渭河流域各水功能区水质监测断面均达到水质目标,水功能区纳污能力均满足点源污染物纳污量需求,流域基本不受水质型缺水影响。
[Abstract]:At present, water resources shortage and water pollution coexist in our country. With the gradual control of point source pollution, non point source pollutants have become the main factors of water environment pollution in China. The traditional water allocation with water allocation as the core is difficult to adapt. It is necessary to study the combined allocation method of water quality and water quality covering point source and non point source pollution comprehensive treatment. On the basis of the study of the traditional water resources allocation, the joint allocation theory of water quality and water quality in the basin / region is put forward, the joint allocation model of water quality and water quality is constructed, and the thought of establishing the joint allocation of water quality and water quality is established by improving the "three balance" idea. The water and water quality combined allocation of water and water is set up. The water and water quality of the Weihe basin is taken as an example to give the water of the comprehensive treatment of the annual coverage point source and non point source pollution. The main results are as follows: (1) based on the two yuan water cycle of "natural society", the water cycle and hydrochemical accompanying process of two yuan in the basin are analyzed. The result shows that the pollution degree increases with the increase of water consumption when the other conditions are certain, and the water consumption is influenced by the amount of water and the runoff by changing the amount of water into the river and the runoff. The concept and connotation of the joint allocation of water and water quality, the principle of allocation, the regulation mechanism, the allocation target and the decision-making method are put forward. The decision mechanism of water discharge in the social and economic system is discussed in detail. The water discharge decision equation group of the social and economic system is put forward, and the existence of the partial equilibrium solution of the equation group is proved and the equilibrium is analyzed. The result shows that the shortage of water resources and the insufficient capacity of water environment are the necessary conditions for the joint allocation of water and water quality. The root of the contradiction between water quality and water quality is the existence of transaction cost and management cost, and the uncertainty of water resources and the uncertainty of water environment will increase the water consumption. The relationship between the development and utilization of water resources and the mutual influence of water environment pollution is discussed. The curve of pollution degree and the curve of water supply are put forward. The curve of water supply and the degree of pollution are changed with the social and economic development. The overall trend of the change is that the pollution degree of the water environment is getting smaller and the water quality is up to the standard. The available clean water is getting bigger and bigger. (2) the combined allocation model of water resources and the distributed hydrology water quality model are used to establish the joint allocation model of water quality and water quality. The overall framework of the joint allocation model of water quality and water quality is constructed, and the structure and characteristics of each model subsystem are summarized. The data of each sub module of the joint allocation model of water quality and water quality is analyzed. On the basis of the distributed hydrological model WEP L, the nitrogen and phosphorus simulation module is added on the basis of the distributed hydrological model. This module mainly includes the nitrogen and phosphorus transformation process in the soil layer and the slope erosion of the nutrients. On the basis of the traditional water allocation model, the water quality constraint principle is analyzed on the basis of the traditional water allocation model. The water quality constraint module is added and the water quality water shortage identification method is put forward. This method can identify the water shortage of each industry in each area. In order to improve the "three balance" idea and establish the decision thinking of the joint allocation of water and water quality, the practical application shows that the decision idea is effective. (3) take the Weihe basin as an example to carry out an example application study. The water resources, the groundwater resources and the total amount of water resources are evaluated and the information of the water resources, the groundwater resources and the total water resources are evaluated. On the basis of the evaluation of water resources development and utilization, the information of the supply and drainage of supply and consumption in the Weihe basin of the datum year was obtained, and the water environment evaluation was carried out. The basic information of the water quality of the main sections of the Weihe River Basin and the pollution load of the point source were obtained. The ecological demand of the water quality and water quality in the river course of "the ecological environment requirement analysis and scheduling mechanism of the Weihe main stream" The results are used as the ecological demand information of water quality and water quality of main section of Weihe main stream. The distributed water quality model of nitrogen and phosphorus is constructed and distributed simulation of nitrogen and phosphorus is carried out. Based on the simulation results of natural runoff and water resources evaluation results of distributed hydrological model, based on the generalizability of the three level District of Weihe basin, the water supply based on the divided quality is constructed. On the basis of the evaluation of water resources development and utilization, the balance analysis of supply and demand in the base year is carried out, and the water shortage identification is carried out. The water consumption of each sewage outlet is the standard. On the basis of the analysis of the current situation of the current supply of water, the consumption of urban life and industrial water consumption in the flow field is simulated and analyzed. On the basis of simulated river runoff simulation and sediment simulation, the distributed hydrological and water quality simulation and verification are carried out. The spatial and temporal distribution of point source and non point source pollution load in Weihe basin is analyzed, and the contribution rate of non point source pollution load is analyzed. The basis of supply and demand balance, water consumption balance and Distributed Hydrology and water quality simulation are also carried out. On the basis of this, the identification of the datum year problem in the Weihe basin is carried out, which lays the foundation for the planning of the planning level annual allocation scheme. On the basis of the joint simulation analysis of water quality and water quality in the datum year and the identification of water resources development and utilization problems, the combined allocation scheme of water quality and water quality in the planning year is analyzed with the guidance of improving the "three balance" idea. On the basis of the simulation analysis of the waste water supply and consumption in the non sub quality water supply and consumption, the pollutant discharge forecast under the condition of the pollution reduction and emission reduction is carried out, and the water quality simulation is carried out. The water shortage under the condition of the annual pollution reduction and emission reduction in the year of the planning is identified, which provides the basis for the planning of the plan for the planning of the annual pollution reduction and emission reduction. The results show that, with the implementation of the total amount control of the point source pollution, the water quality of the non flood season is greatly improved and the water shortage in the whole basin is greatly reduced. However, because of the non point source pollution control, the water quality of the flood season is poor and there is a certain amount of water shortage. Only on the point source pollution control, and can not completely solve the problem of water pollution in the basin, we must carry out non point source pollution control. Thirdly, on the basis of the total control of the point source pollution, the situation simulation of non point source pollution control is carried out. In the simulation scenario, the water quality of the flood season is greatly improved, and the water shortage in the basin is basically not existed. The results show that the water quality monitoring sections of all water functional areas in Weihe basin reach the target of water quality with the realization of the total amount control of the point source pollution and the effective control of non point source pollution. The capacity of the water function area can meet the demand for the pollution of the point source pollutants, and the watershed is basically not affected by the water deficiency.

【学位授予单位】：中国水利水电科学研究院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52;TV213.4

【参考文献】