散货船智能配载

发布时间：2018-05-30 22:10

本文选题：散货船 + 配载仪　；参考：《大连海事大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：本文研究目标是基于散货船外壳及所有舱室的数字化3D模型,研究散货船配载核心算法、智能配载算法及装货过程优化问题,并将其应用于新一代散货船智能化配载仪的开发中。基于此目标,主要开展了以下工作:基于船舶设计部门提供的船舶外壳及所有舱室精确的数字化3D模型建立船舶3D剖面模型数据库,在此3D数据库基础上完成了配载相关核心算法研究。首先基于Sutherland-Hodgeman多边形剪裁算法、多边形等距偏移算法及Douglas-Peucker多边形简化算法建立船舶3D剖面模型数据库,然后在此数据库基础上计算船舶浮态、总纵向强度及破舱进水分析。在计算船舶浮态时,提出一种"简化矩阵法",该方法程序实现简单,稳定性好;在计算总纵强度时,基于船舶外壳3D剖面模型计算浮力分布曲线,基于舱室的"重量分布表"计算船舶重量分布曲线,可提高计算精度;在进行破舱分析时,基于外壳及所有舱室的3D剖面模型,采用"增加重量法"计算破损浮态,采用"损失浮力法"计算破损强度。基于标准差分进化算法实现散货船智能配载。综合考虑船舶安全性及经济性,并将船舶浮态控制作为约束条件,建立了散货船多目标约束优化数学模型。该模型通用性较好,通过不同的参数设定可满足不同的实际需求,如最优纵倾下的最佳配载、任意吃水下压载水调平及载况优化等。在模型求解时,采用双层优化法进行求解,将多目标约束优化转换为双层单目标优化问题。散货船智能配载充分利用了计算机的计算能力,弥补了传统人工配载的不足,其给出的配载方案可有效改善船舶纵向受力情况。基于标准差分进化算法及离散差分进化算法实现了散货船装货过程优化。散货船装货过程优化本质是确定最佳分轮次装货方案。本文以"单头作业,两轮装载"装货方式为例,采用标准差分进化算法及离散差分进化算法相结合的混合差分进化算法,对轮次装货量及轮次装货顺序分别进行实数编码和整数编码,建立了散货船装货优化数学模型,并采用双层优化法进行求解,程序会自动给出最佳装货方案。该方法可有效提高装货效率,保障装货安全。最后,基于文中所提出算法开发了一套散货船智能化配载仪系统,该系统对保证船舶安全、提高装货效率、实现船舶节能增效具有重要意义。本文是以散货船为例,其关键技术同样适用于其他类型船舶,为油船、集装箱船、多用途船等类型船舶的配载仪研发奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:The research goal of this paper is to study the key algorithm of bulk carrier loading, intelligent loading algorithm and the optimization of loading process based on the digital 3D model of bulk carrier shell and all compartments. It is applied to the development of the new generation intelligent stowage instrument for bulk carriers. Based on this goal, the following works are mainly carried out: the database of ship 3D profile model is established based on the accurate digital 3D model of ship shell and all compartments provided by ship design department. On the basis of the 3D database, the research on the core algorithms of stowage is completed. Firstly, based on Sutherland-Hodgeman polygon clipping algorithm, polygon offset migration algorithm and Douglas-Peucker polygon simplification algorithm, the ship 3D profile model database is established, and then the ship floating state, total longitudinal strength and the analysis of the breaking water are calculated based on the database. A simplified matrix method is proposed to calculate the floating state of a ship. The program is simple and stable, and the buoyancy distribution curve is calculated on the basis of 3D profile model of ship shell. The calculation of ship weight distribution curve based on the cabin weight distribution table can improve the accuracy of calculation. In the analysis of damage, the damaged floating state is calculated by "increasing weight method" based on the 3D profile model of the shell and all the compartments. The loss buoyancy method is used to calculate the damage strength. Intelligent stowage of bulk carriers is realized based on standard deviation evolutionary algorithm. Considering the safety and economy of the ship and taking the floating state control of the ship as the constraint condition, the mathematical model of multi-objective constrained optimization for bulk carriers is established. The model has good versatility and can meet different practical requirements by setting different parameters, such as optimal stowage under trim, water leveling and load condition optimization under arbitrary intake of ballast under water, and so on. In order to solve the problem, the multi-objective constrained optimization is transformed into a double-level single-objective optimization problem. The intelligent stowage of bulk carriers makes full use of the computing power of the computer and makes up for the deficiency of traditional manual loading. The loading scheme can effectively improve the longitudinal load situation of the ship. The optimization of bulk carrier loading process is realized based on standard deviation evolutionary algorithm and discrete differential evolutionary algorithm. The essence of the optimization of bulk cargo loading process is to determine the optimal loading plan. In this paper, a hybrid differential evolutionary algorithm, which combines standard differential evolutionary algorithm and discrete differential evolutionary algorithm, is used as an example of "single-head operation, two-wheel loading" loading. The mathematical model of bulk carrier loading optimization is established and solved by double layer optimization method. The program will automatically give the best loading scheme. This method can effectively improve loading efficiency and ensure loading safety. Finally, based on the algorithm proposed in this paper, an intelligent stowage system for bulk carriers is developed, which is of great significance to ensure ship safety, improve loading efficiency and achieve energy saving and efficiency gains. This paper takes bulk carrier as an example, its key technology is also applicable to other types of ships, which lays a foundation for the research and development of stowage instrument for oil tanker, container ship, multi-purpose ship and so on.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U674.134

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