输气管道中颗粒属性及流场作用对冲蚀磨损的影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 17:19

本文选题：输气管道 + 固体颗粒　；参考：《北京交通大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：随着科技和工业的发展,作为清洁能源的天然气在全球能源链中的地位逐年提高。管道作为天然气的主要输送方式,在石油天然气的开采和运输中都起着重要的作用。由于天然气管道内的气体压力较大,一旦管道在天然气输送过程中发生破坏,可能引发严重的灾难性事故,威胁到人们的生命和财产安全。近年来,全球范围内由于天然气管道泄漏造成的事故屡见不鲜,输气管道的安全运行也逐渐受到人们的重视。研究表明,输气管道的减薄及穿孔破坏主要是由管道内固体颗粒冲蚀磨损造成的,且含固体颗粒冲蚀作用的管道破坏速度远高于纯腐蚀作用下管道的破坏速度。因此,研究固体颗粒属性对冲蚀磨损的影响规律,以及流场作用对天然气管道冲蚀磨损的影响规律,改进已有的冲蚀磨损计算方法,提出在役天然气管道冲蚀磨损速率预测计算模型,对天然气管道的寿命预测和管道的安全运行、防护有重大意义。论文主要研究工作如下:(1)完成不同运行条件下固体颗粒的冲蚀磨损试验,研究固体颗粒属性(尺寸、形状和流量)对冲蚀磨损速率的影响规律。利用PIV(ParticleImageVelocimetry)和PTV(Particle Tracking Velocimetry)两种方法测量颗粒速度,并分析了这两种常用速度计算方法的差异性。根据试验结果,分析了相同气相参数条件下,颗粒流量对颗粒速度的影响,提出在固体颗粒冲蚀磨损试验中控制颗粒流量的重要性。总结了不同颗粒属性对试件冲蚀磨损速率的影响规律,并分别提出关于颗粒直径和冲蚀磨损速率以及颗粒流量和冲蚀磨损速率间的关系函数。(2)利用固体颗粒冲蚀磨损试验台,完成4种典型输气管线钢材料(X70、X80、X65和20G)的固体颗粒冲蚀磨损实验。根据冲蚀磨损实验结果,对比微粒喷浆冲蚀(MSE)标准冲蚀测试方法的测试结果,分析4种典型管材的耐固体颗粒冲蚀磨损性能。根据不同冲击角度下试件的冲蚀磨损实验结果,进行管材壁面碰撞规律研究。基于流体动力学(CFD)仿真分析方法,进行固体颗粒冲蚀磨损实验的仿真分析,为复杂流场工况条件下典型管件的模型建立提供依据。(3)搭建典型管件弯头的简化冲蚀磨损实验台,根据实验结果进行弯头的冲蚀磨损流体动力学仿真分析。在弯头冲蚀磨损仿真模型基础上,加入典型管材壁面碰撞规律研究结果,建立工况中弯头冲蚀磨损流体动力学仿真计算模型。利用仿真分析方法,研究多属性耦合作用对冲蚀磨损速率的影响规律。根据研究结果,分别提出颗粒速度和直径、颗粒速度和流量、颗粒速度和形状对弯头冲蚀磨损速率的耦合影响关系式,为计算两种属性同时变化时固体颗粒冲蚀磨损速率提供依据。(4)研究流场作用对工况条件下弯头冲蚀磨损速率的影响。依据简化冲蚀磨损实验及工况中弯头的冲蚀磨损仿真模型,分别研究了低压、高压条件下,气-固两相速度存在差异时,弯头冲蚀磨损速率的变化规律。提出在高压条件下,计算颗粒冲蚀磨损速率时气相速度的重要性。对比现有简化冲蚀磨损速率计算方法,加入气-固两相速度差异对冲蚀磨损速率计算结果的影响,提出简化冲蚀磨损速率计算方法。(5)研究流场作用对典型管件三通的最大冲蚀磨损位置的影响。依据新疆输气管道事故,进行三通内流场分析及对应流体动力学建模,研究流场作用对颗粒运动状态的影响规律。根据事故报告及三通仿真分析结果,提出三通最大冲蚀磨损位置与三通两个入口速度间的关系函数。为实际工程中,预测三通可能发生最大冲蚀磨损的位置提供理论指导。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology and industry, the status of natural gas as a clean energy in the global energy chain is increasing year by year. As the main transport mode of natural gas, pipelines play an important role in the exploitation and transportation of oil and natural gas. As the gas pressure in the natural gas pipeline is large, the pipeline is sent in the process of natural gas transportation. In recent years, accidents caused by natural gas pipeline leakage are common in the world, and the safe operation of gas pipeline has gradually been paid attention to. The research shows that the thinning and perforation of the gas pipeline is mainly caused by the internal fixation of the pipeline. The damage speed of pipeline with solid particle erosion is much higher than that of pure corrosion. Therefore, the influence law of solid particle properties on erosion wear and the effect of flow field on erosion wear of natural gas pipeline are studied, and the existing calculation method of erosion and abrasion is improved. The prediction model of erosion wear rate of natural gas pipeline is proposed, which is of great significance to the life prediction of natural gas pipeline and the safe operation of the pipeline. The main research work of this paper is as follows: (1) complete the erosion wear test of solid particles under different operating conditions and study the solid particle properties (size, shape and flow) to the erosion mill. The particle velocity is measured by two methods of PIV (ParticleImageVelocimetry) and PTV (Particle Tracking Velocimetry), and the difference between the two methods of velocity calculation is analyzed. The effect of particle flow on particle velocity under the same gas phase parameters is analyzed. The importance of controlling particle flow in grain erosion wear test. The influence law of different particle properties on the erosion wear rate of the specimen is summarized, and the relation function of particle diameter and erosion wear rate, particle flow and erosion wear rate are put forward respectively. (2) using solid particle erosion test bench to complete 4 typical types of transportation. Erosion and wear experiments of solid particles in steel materials (X70, X80, X65 and 20G). According to the experimental results of erosion and abrasion, compared with the test results of the standard erosion test method of particle jet erosion (MSE), the erosion and wear properties of solid particles of 4 typical pipes were analyzed. Study on the collision law of pipe wall surface. Based on the simulation analysis method of fluid dynamics (CFD), the simulation analysis of solid particle erosion wear experiment is carried out, which provides the basis for the model establishment of typical tube under the condition of complex flow field. (3) a simplified erosion wear test bench for typical pipe bending head is built, and the erosion wear of the elbow is carried out according to the experimental results. On the basis of the simulation model of the elbow erosion and abrasion, the simulation model of the fluid dynamics simulation of the elbow erosion and erosion in the working condition is established on the basis of the simulation model of the elbow erosion and wear. The influence of the multi attribute coupling effect on the erosion wear rate is studied by the simulation analysis method. The coupling effect of particle velocity and diameter, particle velocity and flow, particle velocity and shape on the erosion wear rate of the elbow is proposed, which provides the basis for calculating the erosion and wear rate of solid particles when the two properties are simultaneously changed. (4) study the effect of flow field on the erosion rate of the elbow under the working condition. In the wear experiment and the simulation model of the erosion and abrasion of the elbow in the working condition, the change law of the erosion rate of the elbow is studied under the conditions of low pressure and high pressure and the difference of gas solid two phase velocity. The importance of calculating the velocity of the gas phase at the high pressure condition is put forward. Method, the influence of gas solid two phase velocity difference on the calculation results of erosion wear rate is added. The simplified calculation method of erosion wear rate is proposed. (5) study the effect of flow field on the maximum erosion and wear position of typical three pipe fittings. According to the accident of Xinjiang gas pipeline, the analysis of internal flow field and the corresponding fluid dynamics modeling and research flow are carried out. According to the accident report and the results of the three pass simulation analysis, the relationship function between the maximum erosion wear position of the three pass and the velocity of the three pass and two entrance is put forward, which provides the theoretical guidance for the prediction of the position of the maximum erosion and wear of the three pass in the actual project.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE973

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