广西长寿之乡老人饮食与代谢特征及其相关性研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 10:05

本文选题：长寿 + 百岁老人　；参考：《广西大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：广西巴马长寿现象凸显,具有突出的地方特色。本文通过探究巴马百岁老人、巴马80-99岁老人、巴马60-79岁老人以及南宁80-99老人的营养素摄入水平,利用非靶标代谢组学技术对巴马百岁老人和巴马60-79岁老人的尿液代谢轮廓进行分析,采用代谢物靶标分析技术对四组老人与饮食相关的代谢产物进行分析测定,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对四组老人指甲元素水平进行分析,并进一步采用模式识别方法鉴别出与长寿区百岁老人密切相关的特征物质,此外分析代谢产物、指甲元素含量与营养素摄入量之间的相关关系,旨在揭示巴马百岁老人代谢特征和指甲元素特征,解析饮食与代谢之间的联系。主要结果如下。采用称重法并结合膳食史回顾法对四组老人进行膳食调查,分析比较营养素摄入量。结果表明,巴马百岁组和巴马80-99岁组的能量摄入量均显著低于南宁对照组(p0.05),分别降低20%和19%。巴马百岁组、巴马80-99岁组和巴马60-79岁组的蛋白质、脂肪和胆固醇摄入量均显著低于南宁对照组(p0.05)。而巴马百岁组的膳食纤维摄入量显著高于其他三组(p0.05),是南宁对照组的1.7倍。巴马百岁组的维生素A摄入量也为最高,显著高于南宁对照组(p0.05)。巴马百岁组的镁摄入量也显著高于巴马80-99岁组和南宁对照组(p0.05)。通过偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)进行模式识别,结果表明,膳食纤维、维生素A、能量、脂肪、蛋白质、胆固醇这些营养素对组间差异的贡献相对较大,显示出巴马长寿区健康老人的饮食具有高膳食纤维、高维生素A以及低能量、低脂肪、低蛋白质、低胆固醇摄入量的特征。这种特定的营养素摄入模式,应该对长寿现象的形成具有重要而积极的影响作用。以巴马百岁老人和巴马60-79岁老人作为研究对象,采用LC-MS分析尿液代谢组,并利用多元统计分析手段主成分分析、PLS-DA、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)进行模式识别。PLS-DA模型与OPLS-DA模型均表明,巴马百岁老人和巴马60-79岁老人的尿液代谢组显示出明显的分离,说明两组研究对象的尿液代谢组存在明显差异。正离子模式下鉴定出38个差异代谢物,负离子模式下鉴定出67个差异代谢物。进一步鉴别出18种与巴马百岁老人密切相关的特征代谢物,其中,5-羟基-L-色氨酸、咖啡酸、D-核糖、L-谷氨酰胺、L-蛋氨酸、焦谷氨酸、LysoPE(0:0/18:1)、LysoPE(0:0/20:4)、LysoPE(0:0/22:4)、Lyso PE(0:0/22:5)、Lyso PE(0:0/22:6)、PS(20:0/19:0)、PS(22:0/18:3)、PS(22:4/22:4)、PS(0-18:0/19:0)在巴马百岁组中显著增加(p0.01),而L-组氨酸、组胺、吲哚在巴马百岁组中显著减少(p0.01)。变化倍数最高的四种特征代谢物依次为PS(0-18:0/19:0)、PS(22:4/22:4)、PS(20:0/19:0)、PS(22:0/18:3),均属于磷脂酰丝氨酸类物质,对于调节百岁老人神经系统功能、改善认知能力、延缓衰老、延长寿命应该具有积极影响。分析比较四组健康老人与饮食相关的代谢产物水平,包括短链脂肪酸(SCFA)(乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸)、总胆汁酸、苯酚、对甲酚、肌酐、尿酸、尿素、氨态氮。结果表明,巴马百岁组的粪便中短链脂肪酸和总胆汁酸含量显著增加(p0.05),而尿液中苯酚、对甲酚、氨态氮、尿酸和尿素含量显著降低(p0.05),这种特定的代谢模式,应该对长寿区百岁老人的健康长寿具有重要而积极的影响。与营养素摄入量的相关性分析结果显示,粪便丁酸含量与膳食纤维摄入量呈极显著正相关(r=0.896,p0.01),相关系数最高。此外,乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、戊酸、总SCFA及总胆汁酸含量均与膳食纤维摄入量呈极显著正相关(p0.01),而尿液中苯酚含量与膳食纤维摄入量呈极显著负相关(p0.01),另外,尿液中氨态氮、对甲酚、尿酸及尿素含量均与膳食纤维摄入量呈负相关关系。据此推断日常膳食中适量增加膳食纤维摄入量在一定程度上有利于人体的健康长寿。采用ICP-MS分析比较四组健康老人指甲元素含量。结果表明,巴马百岁组的Mn、Fe、Co、Zn、Se元素含量显著增高(p0.05),而Pb含量显著降低(p0.05),对长寿区百岁老人的健康长寿应该具有积极影响。指甲元素与饮用水中相应元素含量的相关性分析结果表明,Co、Sr、Ni元素均呈显著正相关(p0.05)。因此可以判断饮用水是研究对象体内Co、Sr、Ni元素的重要来源。与营养素摄入量的相关性分析发现,指甲中的Mn元素含量与能量、蛋白质、脂肪、膳食纤维、胆固醇、维生素A、硫胺素、烟酸、钠、镁、锌、硒摄入量量呈显著相关关系(p0.05)。Fe元素含量与能量、维生素A、烟酸、钠摄入量呈显著相关关系(p0.05)。Co元素含量与能量、膳食纤维、胆固醇、维生素A、硫胺素、烟酸、钠、镁摄入量呈显著相关关系(p0.05)。Se元素含量与维生素E、磷摄入量呈显著正相关(p0.05)。综合解析与饮食相关的代谢产物和人体元素水平对健康长寿的协同作用和综合影响,利用PLS-DA进行模式识别,建立巴马百岁组、巴马80-99岁组、南宁对照组三组研究对象的区分模型,探究不同地域、不同年龄的高龄老人在代谢产物和指甲元素水平方面的差异。结果表明,巴马百岁组、巴马80-99岁组和南宁对照组在代谢产物如短链脂肪酸、总胆汁酸、苯酚、对甲酚、肌酐、尿酸、尿素、氨态氮水平以及元素代谢模式方面存在显著差异。PLS-DA模型结合单维非参数秩和检验,鉴定出7种与长寿区百岁老人密切相关的特征物质,包括乙酸、总SCFA、Mn、Co、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸,其含量在巴马百岁组显著增加(p0.05)。综合考虑乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸这些短链脂肪酸以及Mn、Co元素的生理功能及对人体健康长寿的有利影响,因此,认为广西巴马百岁老人这种特定的代谢模式,应该对长寿现象的形成具有重要而积极的影响。
[Abstract]:The longevity phenomenon of Guangxi Bama has prominent local characteristics. In this paper, the nutrient intake levels of Bama centenarian, Bama 80-99 year old, Bama 60-79 year old and Nanning 80-99 elderly were investigated. The urine metabolic profile of Bama centenarians and Baba 60-79 years old was analyzed by non target metabolomics technology. The metabolites of four groups of elderly and diet related metabolites were analyzed with metabolite target analysis technique, and four groups of old manicure elements were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the characteristic substances closely related to centenarians in longevity area were identified by pattern recognition method, and metabolism was analyzed. The relationship between the content of nail elements and nutrient intake was used to reveal the metabolic and nail characteristics of Bama centenarians, and to analyze the relationship between diet and metabolism. The main results are as follows. The dietary survey and dietary history review were used to analyze the intake of nutrients in four groups. The results showed that the energy intake of Bama group and Bama 80-99 year old group were significantly lower than that of the Nanning control group (P0.05), 20% and 19%. Bama 100 year old group respectively. The protein, fat and cholesterol intake of Bama 80-99 and Bama 60-79 years old were significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05). It was higher than the other three groups (P0.05), 1.7 times as high as that of the Nanning control group. The intake of vitamin A in Bama was also higher than that in the Nanning control group (P0.05). The magnesium intake in Bama hundred year old group was also significantly higher than that of Bama 80-99 year old group and Nanning control group (P0.05). The result of partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used for pattern recognition. It shows that dietary fiber, vitamin A, energy, fat, protein, and cholesterol have a relatively large contribution to the difference between groups. It shows that the diet of healthy elderly in Bama longevity area is characterized by high dietary fiber, high vitamin A and low energy, low fat, low protein and low cholesterol intake. It should have an important and positive impact on the formation of the longevity phenomenon. The 60-79 year old Bama and Bama aged 60-79 years as the research object, the urine metabolism group is analyzed by LC-MS, and the multivariate statistical analysis method principal component analysis, PLS-DA, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) for pattern recognition.PLS-DA model The OPLS-DA model showed that the urine metabolites of Bama centenarians and Bama 60-79 years old showed significant separation, indicating that there were significant differences in the urine metabolites of the two groups. 38 differential metabolites were identified under the positive ion mode and 67 differential metabolites identified under the negative ion mode. 18 species were identified with Bama. 5- hydroxyl -L- tryptophan, caffeic acid, D- ribose, L- glutamine, L- methionine, pyroglutamic acid, LysoPE (0:0/18:1), LysoPE (0:0/20:4), LysoPE (0:0/22:4). Increased (P0.01), and L- histidine, histamine and indole significantly decreased in Bama centenary (P0.01). The highest four characteristic metabolites were PS (0-18:0/19:0), PS (22:4/22:4), PS (20:0/19:0), PS (22:0/18:3), all of which belonged to phosphatidylcholine, to regulate the function of the nervous system and to improve the cognitive ability of centenarians. Analysis and comparison of four groups of healthy elderly and diet related metabolites, including short chain fatty acids (SCFA) (acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valerate), total bile acids, phenol, cresol, creatinine, uric acid, urea, ammonia nitrogen. The content of fatty acids and total bile acids increased significantly (P0.05), while phenol in urine, the content of paracresol, ammonia nitrogen, uric acid and urea decreased significantly (P0.05). This specific metabolic pattern should have an important and positive effect on the health and longevity of centenarians in longevity area. Analysis of the correlation with nutrient intake showed that fecal butyric acid In addition, the content of acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, valerate, valerate, total SCFA and total bile acids were significantly correlated with dietary fiber intake (P0.01), while the content of phenol in urine was significantly negatively correlated with dietary fiber intake (P0.01), and in urine (P0.01). In addition, urine was also found in urine (P0.01). In addition, urine was also found in urine (P0.01). Medium ammonia nitrogen, cresol, uric acid and urea content were negatively correlated with dietary fiber intake. Accordingly, it was concluded that a proper amount of dietary fiber intake in daily diet was beneficial to health and longevity of the human body. ICP-MS analysis was used to compare nail element content in four groups of healthy elderly. The results showed that Mn, Fe, Co in Bama hundred years old The content of Zn and Se elements increased significantly (P0.05), while the content of Pb decreased significantly (P0.05). The correlation analysis between nail elements and the content of corresponding elements in drinking water showed that Co, Sr, and Ni elements showed positive correlation (P0.05). Therefore, drinking water could be judged to be the object of study. An important source of internal Co, Sr, and Ni elements. The correlation analysis with nutrient intake showed that the content of Mn elements in the nail was significantly correlated with energy, protein, fat, dietary fiber, cholesterol, vitamin A, thiamine, nicotinic acid, sodium, magnesium, zinc, selenium intake (P0.05).Fe element content and energy, vitamin A, nicotinic acid and sodium intake The correlation (P0.05).Co element content and energy, dietary fiber, cholesterol, vitamin A, thiamine, nicotinic acid, sodium, magnesium intake showed significant correlation (P0.05).Se element content was positively correlated with vitamin E and phosphorus intake (P0.05). Comprehensive analysis of the synergistic effects of metabolites related to drinking and human body elements on healthy longevity Using PLS-DA and using PLS-DA for pattern recognition, the differences between the three groups of Bama group, Bama 80-99 year old group and the control group of the Nanning control group were established to explore the differences in the levels of metabolic products and nail elements in different ages and ages. The results showed that Bama hundred year old group, Bama 80-99 year old group and Nanning control group were compared. There were significant differences between the metabolites such as short chain fatty acids, total bile acids, phenol, cresol, creatinine, uric acid, urea, ammonia nitrogen and elemental metabolic patterns with.PLS-DA model combined with single dimension non parameter rank sum test, and identified 7 kinds of characteristic substances related to centenarians in longevity areas, including acetic acid, total SCFA, Mn, Co, propionic acid, Butyric acid and valerate content increased significantly in Bama hundred years old (P0.05). The physiological functions of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valerate and valerate, as well as the physiological functions of Mn and Co elements, and the beneficial effects on human health and longevity were considered. Therefore, the specific metabolic pattern of Guangxi Bama centenarians should be heavy on the formation of longevity. Have a positive impact.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS201.4

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