高速列车车内噪声预测与控制技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-11 10:09

本文选题：高速列车 + 车内噪声预测　；参考：《北京交通大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：随着高速列车运行速度的提高,车内噪声大幅增加,高速列车噪声控制技术已成为高速列车研发设计中的一项关键技术,是高速列车综合技术实力的体现。高速列车噪声控制是一项系统工程,如果在车辆设计之初没有通过噪声预测,有针对性的进行降噪设计,等问题暴露以后再进行噪声治理,将会导致成本高、效果差,影响生产进度和整车性能。因此,噪声预测与控制技术,对于缩短设计周期,降低成本,保证车辆舒适性具有重要意义。为提高列车声学性能,满足车辆研发需求,本文以350km/h速度级的高速动车组为研究对象,开展高速列车的车内噪声预测与控制技术研究。高速列车整车结构复杂,属于典型的中频声振系统。如果采用有限元和边界元方法(FE-BEM)进行噪声预测,高频部分计算量大,时间长,几乎不能实现,而统计能量分析方法(SEA),只适合模态密集的高频段,中低频段的应用受到限制。为此,本文采用混合有限元统计能量分析(FE-SEA)方法建立高速列车的混合FE-SEA预测模型,将枕梁、牵引梁、边梁等刚度较大、模态密度较小的结构,划分为FE子系统,将面积较大、模态密度较大的板件结构划分为SEA子系统,既充分保留了对计算精度有影响的结构,又对局部结构做了必要的简化,从而保证了噪声预测准确度,又提高了仿真预测速度。高速列车车体为双层夹筋铝合金型材,在SEA子系统中无法实体建模。针对这一问题,本文提出了基于动力学和声学特性的等效方法。该等效方法将车体型材结构简化为由三层复合结构组成的等效板,等效板的等效原则是保证总体厚度和面密度不变,上、下两层结构的材料及厚度也不变,对于筋板、蜂窝芯等位于中间夹层的结构,将其等效为一种"虚拟材料"。根据等效先前结构的动态特性(模态、隔声量等)一致的原则,计算获得了夹层"虚拟材料"的材料参数,建立了等效板的三层复合板结构,并提出了等效板的高频等效失效频率估算方法。外部激励载荷、结构间的阻尼损耗等参数对预测结果的准确度有重要影响。本文通过实车线路试验获得高速列车车内噪声预测模型的输入激励。采用试验和计算相结合的方法获得高速列车车内噪声预测模型的参数。结构子系统的模态密度、耦合损耗因子参数通过计算获得。对于结构损耗因子,本文提出采用板-空腔耦合法进行板的结构损耗因子测试,解决了声辐射阻尼在仿真计算中被重复计算的问题,并采用该方法获得了车体型材、内饰板等复杂结构部件的结构损耗因子参数。将测试和计算获得的车外噪声激励和参数输入到预测模型,进行了高速列车仿真计算,获得了车内噪声预测结果,与试验结果相比,两者频谱曲线基本一致,能够满足工程应用需要。本文基于统计能量分析理论,提出了基于功率流的面板贡献度分析方法,利用噪声预测结果,研究了车内内饰壁板噪声辐射对车内噪声能量的贡献。根据噪声仿真分析结果,从工程实际应用的角度出发,进行了车体型材隔声优化和吸声座椅的工程应用研究。车体型材隔声性能主要受总厚度、面板厚度、筋板角度、筋板厚度等参数的影响,通过研究上述参数与隔声量之间的关系,提出了车体型材断面的优化方案,通过开模具试验验证,在重量增加不大的情况下,隔声量提高了约3dB。座椅吸声性能对车内声场有重要影响,通过在实验室条件下研究座椅蒙面布、座椅下方和靠背附加吸声结构等对座椅吸声性能的影响,提出一种吸声座椅方案,线路测试结果表明,该方案可降低客室内标准点噪声约1.5dB。本文将混合有限元统计能量分析(FE-SEA)技术应用到高速列车车内噪声仿真预测中,解决了多层复合结构等效、模型参数获取等关键技术,提高了仿真结果准确度和计算速度,能够满足工程应用需要,对高速动车组研发设计具有重要应用意义。另外,本文提出的车体型材声学优化、吸声座椅等降噪结构,为车内噪声控制提供了设计方法和解决方案,具有较高的工程应用价值。
[Abstract]:The noise control technology of high speed train has become a key technology in the design of high speed train, and it is the embodiment of the comprehensive technical strength of high speed train. The noise control of high speed train is a systematic project, for example, there is no noise prediction at the beginning of the vehicle design. Aiming at noise reduction design, the noise control will lead to high cost and poor effect, which will affect production progress and vehicle performance. Therefore, noise prediction and control technology is of great significance to shorten the design cycle, reduce cost and ensure vehicle comfort. To improve the acoustic performance of trains and meet vehicle development. Demand, this paper takes the high-speed EMU of 350km/h speed level as the research object, and carries out the research on the noise prediction and control technology of the high speed train. The structure of the high speed train is complex and belongs to the typical medium frequency sound vibration system. If the finite element and boundary element method (FE-BEM) are used to predict the noise, the high frequency part is large, the time is long, almost the time. The method of statistical energy analysis (SEA) is only suitable for modal dense high frequency segments, and the application of middle and low frequency bands is limited. In this paper, a hybrid finite element statistical energy analysis (FE-SEA) method is used to establish a hybrid FE-SEA prediction model for high speed trains, which will make the structure of the stiffness of the pillow beam, the traction beam, the side beam and so on, and the structure of the smaller modal density. It is divided into FE subsystem, which divides the plate structure with larger area and larger modal density into SEA subsystem. It not only fully preserves the structure affecting the calculation accuracy, but also makes the necessary simplification of the local structure, thus ensuring the accuracy of noise prediction and improving the simulation prediction speed. The high-speed train body is a double sandwich aluminum alloy profile. In this paper, an equivalent method based on dynamic and acoustic characteristics is proposed in the SEA subsystem. This equivalent method simplifies the structure of the body section into an equivalent plate consisting of three layers of composite structure. The equivalent principle of the equivalent plate is to ensure that the overall thickness and surface density are unchanged, the upper and lower two layers are the material and the material. The thickness is also constant. For the structure of the interlayer, such as the steel plate and the honeycomb core, it is equivalent to a "virtual material". According to the principle of the uniform dynamic characteristics of the equivalent previous structure (mode, sound insulation, etc.), the material parameters of the sandwich "virtual material" are obtained, the three layer composite plate structure of the equivalent plate is established, and the equivalent plate is put forward. High frequency equivalent failure frequency estimation method. External excitation load and damping loss between structures have an important influence on the accuracy of prediction results. In this paper, the input excitation of the interior noise prediction model of high speed train is obtained through the actual vehicle line test. The method of combining test and calculation is used to obtain the prediction model for the interior noise of the high speed train. The modal density and coupling loss factor parameters of the structure subsystem are obtained by calculation. For structural loss factor, this paper uses plate cavity coupling method to test the structural loss factor of the plate, solves the problem of repeated calculation in the simulation calculation of acoustic radiation damping, and uses this method to get the body profile and interior decoration. The parameters of the loss factor of the complex structural components such as plates. The external noise excitation and parameter input to the prediction model are tested and calculated. The simulation calculation of the high speed train is carried out. The results of the noise prediction in the vehicle are obtained. Compared with the experimental results, the spectral curves of the two are basically the same and can meet the needs of the engineering application. In the theory of energy analysis, a panel contribution analysis method based on power flow is proposed. Using the result of noise prediction, the contribution of the interior trim panel noise radiation to the interior noise energy is studied. According to the results of the noise simulation analysis, the sound insulation optimization and the sound absorption seat engineering should be carried out from the point of view of the practical application of the engineering. The sound insulation performance of the body profile is mainly influenced by the parameters such as the total thickness, the thickness of the panel, the angle of the stiffener and the thickness of the stiffened plate. Through the study of the relationship between the parameters and the sound insulation, the optimization scheme of the section of the body profile is proposed. By opening the die test, the sound insulation is improved by about 3dB. seats under the condition that the weight is not increased. The sound absorption performance has an important influence on the sound field in the vehicle. A sound absorption seat scheme is proposed by studying the influence of the seat masked cloth, the underwater sound absorption structure under the seat and the backrest on the sound absorption performance under the laboratory conditions. The results of the line test show that the scheme can reduce the noise of the standard point in the passenger compartment by about 1.5dB.. The energy analysis (FE-SEA) technology is applied to the simulation and prediction of the interior noise of high speed train, which solves the key technologies such as the equivalent of multi-layer composite structure and the acquisition of model parameters, which improves the accuracy and calculation speed of the simulation results. It can meet the needs of the engineering application and is of great significance to the design and design of the high speed EMU. In addition, this paper puts forward this paper. The acoustic optimization of car body profiles, noise absorbing seats and other noise reduction structures provide a design method and solution for vehicle interior noise control, and have high engineering application value.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U270.16

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