创意设计柔性众包的方法与应用

发布时间：2018-07-12 18:22

本文选题：创意设计 + 众包　；参考：《浙江大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：以互联网为基础的信息物理世界已经极大的改变了我们所处的环境。互联网用户不断增长、数据不断涌现,推动了新一代人工智能的出现。其中,运用人工智能解决创造性问题,是新一代人工智能研究的重要趋势和挑战。众包招募大众参与者完成机器难以完成的任务,采用众包解决创造性问题,有望结合人的创意能力与机器的计算能力,提升人工智能的创新能力。IBM集团、宝马等企业,美国疾病预防与控制中心等政府机构已成功利用众包收集创意方案;科研人员采用众包方法招募参与者,辅助研究蛋白质结构、寻找物理粒子等。但利用众包解决创造性问题仍存在较大的不确定性。现有众包方法多遵循“发布任务-回收方案”的模式,以方案质量为标准筛选创意方案。此类方法关注参与者产出方案的质量,忽视方案多样性、方案发展潜力等因素,容易过早地固化于少数方案,使得众包创新能力受限、难以稳定产出创新方案。本文以创意设计众包作为研究对象,提出创意设计柔性众包方法,提升群体智能的创新能力。柔性众包方法激发参与者的创新潜力,引导参与者产出多样化方案;挖掘众包过程中的潜力创新方向,筛选有发展潜力的方案进行改进,推动方案质量的持续提升。具体的,本文实施了以下三部分研究:(1)提出创意拐点模型,描述创意设计过程。以创意拐点模型描述创意设计众包,整合参与者在众包任务中的创意设计过程,支持对创意方案发展过程的分析。(2)改进众包任务流程,引导参与者产出多样化、高质量方案。分析参与者的创意设计特征,从方案来源与方案改进两方面优化众包方案生成任务的流程,促进参与者间的创意激发,提升方案质量。(3)优化众包过程中的方案筛选标准,关注创意方案的后续发展情况而非当前质量,挖掘众包的潜力发展方向。探索众包过程中方案分布、方案间关系等因素与方案发展的联系,提出创意方案发展潜力的计算方法,预测方案的后续发展情况;以发展潜力作为筛选标准选择方案、改进方案,持续提升创意方案的质量。基于上述方法,本文构建了创意设计柔性众包系统,在产品设计、人机交互设计、平面设计三个创意设计领域进行了应用。实例证实创意设计柔性众包方法能够持续探索新的设计可能性、提升方案原创性,最终产出创新方案。本文分析创意方案的发展过程,明确方案发展的影响因素,据此评估方案的发展潜力,柔性响应有潜力的设计方向,有望提升群体智能的创新能力,也可为其他众包方法与创新方法提供启发与参考。
[Abstract]:The internet-based world of information physics has dramatically changed our environment. Internet users continue to grow, data continue to emerge, promoting the emergence of a new generation of artificial intelligence. Among them, using artificial intelligence to solve creative problems is an important trend and challenge in the new generation of artificial intelligence research. Crowdsourcing to recruit public participants to complete tasks that are difficult for machines to complete, to solve creative problems by crowdsourcing, hopefully combining human creativity with machine computing, to enhance the innovative capabilities of artificial intelligence. IBM Group, BMW and other enterprises, Government agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have successfully used crowdsourcing to collect creative programs; researchers have used crowdsourcing methods to recruit participants to assist in the study of protein structures and in the search for physical particles. But using crowdsourcing to solve creative problems is still uncertain. Most of the existing crowdsourcing methods follow the mode of "release Task-Recycling Scheme". This kind of method pays attention to the quality of the participant's output scheme, neglects the project diversity, the development potential and so on, and it tends to solidify in a few schemes prematurely, so that the crowdsourcing innovation ability is limited, and it is difficult to stabilize the output innovation scheme. In this paper, creative design crowdsourcing is taken as the research object, and the flexible crowdsourcing method of creative design is proposed to improve the innovation ability of swarm intelligence. Flexible crowdsourcing method can stimulate the innovation potential of participants, guide participants to produce diversified schemes, tap the potential innovation direction in crowdsourcing process, and select potential solutions for improvement, and promote the continuous improvement of project quality. Specifically, this paper implements the following three parts of research: (1) the creative inflection point model is proposed to describe the creative design process. The creative design crowdsourcing model is used to describe the creative design crowdsourcing, to integrate the creative design process of the participants in the crowdsourcing task, and to support the analysis of the creative project development process. (2) to improve the crowdsourcing task process and guide the participants to diversify their output and achieve high quality solutions. This paper analyzes the creative design characteristics of participants, optimizes the process of generating crowdsourcing projects from two aspects of project source and scheme improvement, promotes creative stimulation among participants, and improves the quality of schemes. (3) optimize the selection criteria in crowdsourcing process. Focus on the future development of creative solutions rather than current quality, and tap the potential of crowdsourcing. To explore the relationship between the project distribution and the relationship between the scheme and the development of the project, to put forward the calculation method of the development potential of the creative scheme, to predict the future development of the scheme, and to use the development potential as the selection criteria. Improve programs and improve the quality of creative solutions. Based on the above methods, this paper constructs a flexible crowdsourcing system for creative design, which is applied in three creative design fields: product design, human-computer interaction design and graphic design. Examples show that the flexible crowdsourcing method of creative design can continuously explore new design possibilities, enhance the originality of the scheme, and finally produce innovative solutions. In this paper, the development process of creative scheme is analyzed, and the influencing factors of plan development are defined, according to which the development potential of the scheme is evaluated, and the design direction of flexible response has potential, which is expected to enhance the innovation ability of swarm intelligence. It can also provide inspiration and reference for other crowdsourcing methods and innovative methods.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP18;TB47

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