基于27.5kV直挂式级联型APF的电气化铁路电能质量治理技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-14 21:14

【摘要】：在电气化铁路运营中,由于牵引供电系统自身特有的供电制式和机车复杂多变的运行工况,机车负荷产生大量无功和谐波,导致牵引供电系统功率因数低、波形畸变严重和电压波动大等电能质量问题,不仅增加电能的损耗,降低能源的利用效率,还威胁电气化铁路牵引供电系统和机车负荷的安全性和稳定性,严重时甚至引起电气设备损坏,引发供电、行车事故,造成国家经济重大损失。因此,必须采取行之有效的措施对电气化铁路电能质量进行补偿和治理,而本文提出基于27.5 kV直挂式级联型有源电力滤波器(APF)的有源补偿方案,并对方案实施中的关键问题进行了研究。本文首先针对电气化铁路典型的交直型和交直交型电力机车、动车组的网侧电气特性进行了分析,通过大量机车负荷实测数据详细分析了机车负荷本身的无功、谐波特征。此外,根据在牵引变电所实地监测的数据,分析了牵引母线的无功、谐波水平,显示了电气化铁路电能质量治理的迫切性,并为有源补偿系统参数设计提供基础数据。结合京沪高速铁路电能质量综合治理试点工程,本文总结了现有的电气化铁路电能质量治理措施,在此基础上提出采用直挂式级联型APF动态治理电气化铁路无功、谐波等电能质量问题。针对典型的牵引供电方式,如以YNd11、单相Vv变压器为主的27.5 kV供电电压的直接供电方式,以及2×27.5 kV和55 kV供电电压的自耦变压器(AT)供电方式,本文分析了级联型APF实现方案、工作原理和系统配置结构,研究了不同牵引供电方式下不同有源补偿方案的基波有功电流、基波无功电流和谐波电流的流通回路等。级联型APF主电路复杂、系统庞大,与之对应的控制系统同样结构复杂、任务繁重。因此,本文分析了空间资源、时间资源消耗较少的ip-iq参考电流检测算法、滑窗迭代DFT检测算法和采用两个权值的自适应对消检测算法。在分析上述检测算法的基础上,针对具有波动性的机车负荷,提出改进的ip-iq检测算法和无锁相环的单相谐波电流检测算法,提高动态负荷的检测精度、响应速度以及避免锁相环误差对检测性能的影响。本文研究了级联型多电平变流器的电压、电流综合控制策略。针对直流电压控制,推导出基于瞬时能量平衡的数学模型,并分析了全局直流电压控制的参数整定方法。针对电流跟踪控制,提出两种综合控制策略,即基于无差拍和准谐振控制的瞬时电流控制策略和基于d而解耦的直接电流控制策略。其中,无差拍控制根据系统模型可推导出准确的的数学公式,且具有参考电流信号预测功能。准谐振控制能够实现交流信号的无误差跟踪,提高基波电流控制精度,将二者结合的瞬时电流控制适合于大功率APF。基于dq解耦的直接电流控制策略将电源电流直接作为控制对象,能够减少模拟量采集数量,省去参考电流检测环节,尤其适用于电气化铁路多馈线的应用环境。针对直流电压均衡控制,本文基于矢量重构和脉冲交换的原则,本分析了两类直流电压均衡控制算法的原理和实现方法。仿真结果表明上述控制算法的正确性。本文考虑牵引供电方式、机车负荷典型稳态、暂态特性和牵引网电压畸变等,建立了有源补偿系统的软件仿真模型,验证了本文有源补偿系统具有很好的无功、谐波补偿能力。在仿真验证基础上,搭建实验室小功率试验样机,规划控制系统总体功能构架,完成集中式数字控制系统设计,并通过试验验证了控制系统的正确性,对工程实践具有宝贵的指导价值。在试点工程中,对27.5 kV大功率APF工程机进行调试,验证了有源补偿系统的主电路、控制电路、控制策略的正确性、有效性,结果表明该补偿系统具有良好的无功补偿和谐波抑制效果。
[Abstract]:In the operation of electrified railway, due to the special power supply mode of the traction power supply system and the complex and changeable operating conditions of the locomotive, the locomotive load produces a lot of reactive power and harmonics, which leads to the low power factor of the traction power supply system, the serious wave distortion and the large voltage fluctuation, which not only increases the loss of electric energy and reduces energy. Using efficiency, it also threatens the safety and stability of traction power supply system and locomotive load in electrified railway, and even causes electrical equipment damage, triggering power supply and driving accidents, causing great loss of state economy. Therefore, effective measures must be taken to compensate and control the electric power quality of electrified railway, and this paper puts forward this paper. Based on the active compensation scheme of 27.5 kV straight cascaded active power filter (APF), the key problems in the implementation of the scheme are studied. This paper first analyzes the electrical characteristics of the EMU on the grid side of the typical alternating and direct AC type electric locomotives of the electrified railway, and through a large number of locomotive load measured data in detail. The reactive power and harmonic characteristics of the locomotive load are analyzed. In addition, according to the data on the field monitoring in the traction substation, the reactive power and harmonic level of the traction bus are analyzed. It shows the urgency of the power quality control of the electrified railway, and provides the basic data for the parameters design of the active compensation system. In the pilot project, this paper summarizes the existing measures for the power quality control of electrified railway, and on the basis of this, a direct hanging cascaded APF is proposed to dynamically control the reactive power and harmonic power quality of electrified railway. For typical traction power supply modes, such as the direct power supply of 27.5 kV power supply with YNd11 and single-phase Vv transformer as the main power supply. The mode, as well as the 2 x 27.5 kV and 55 kV power supply voltage autotransformer (AT) power supply mode, this paper analyzes the cascaded APF realization scheme, the working principle and the system configuration structure, and studies the fundamental active current of different active compensation schemes under different traction power supply modes, the circulation circuit of the fundamental wave reactive current and the harmonic current and so on. The cascade type APF The main circuit is complex and the system is huge, and the corresponding control system is complex and heavy. Therefore, this paper analyzes the ip-iq reference current detection algorithm, the sliding window iterative DFT detection algorithm and the adaptive cancellation detection algorithm with two weights. Based on the analysis of the above detection algorithm, this paper analyzes the space resources and the less time resource consumption. In view of the fluctuation of locomotive load, an improved ip-iq detection algorithm and a single phase harmonic current detection algorithm without phase-locked loop are proposed to improve the detection precision of dynamic load, the response speed and the avoidance of the influence of phase locked loop error on the detection performance. This paper studies the voltage and current integrated control strategy of cascade multilevel converters. In DC voltage control, a mathematical model based on instantaneous energy balance is derived and the parameter tuning method of the global DC voltage control is analyzed. Two comprehensive control strategies are proposed for current tracking control, namely the instantaneous current control strategy based on the deadbeat and quasi resonant control and the direct current control strategy based on D and decoupling. The error free control can deduce accurate mathematical formula based on the system model and have the function of predicting the reference current signal. The quasi resonant control can realize the non error tracking of the AC signal, improve the control precision of the basic wave current, and apply the instantaneous current control combined by the two parties to the direct current control strategy based on the DQ decoupling based on the high power APF. The power supply current is directly used as the control object, which can reduce the number of analog acquisition and save the reference current detection link. It is especially suitable for the application environment of multi feeder line in electrified railway. Based on the principle of vector reconfiguration and pulse exchange, this paper analyzes the principle of two kinds of DC voltage equilibrium control algorithms. The simulation results show the correctness of the above control algorithm. In this paper, the traction power supply mode, the typical steady state of the locomotive load, the transient characteristics and the traction network voltage distortion are considered, and the software simulation model of the active compensation system is established. It is verified that the active compensation system has good reactive power and harmonic compensation ability. On the basis, we build a laboratory small power test prototype, plan the overall function frame of the control system, complete the design of the centralized digital control system, and verify the correctness of the control system through the experiment. It has valuable guidance value for the engineering practice. In the pilot project, the 27.5 kV high power APF engineering machine is debugged and the active complement is verified. The correctness and effectiveness of the main circuit, control circuit and control strategy of the compensation system show that the compensation system has good reactive power compensation and harmonic suppression effect.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U223.52

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