石墨烯大规模机械剥离制备和石墨烯高性能发声器

发布时间：2018-08-15 15:16

【摘要】：石墨烯,(Graphene)是一种碳质新材料,它是由碳原子紧密堆积成的具有二维蜂窝状晶格结构的单层石墨,具有超薄、超轻、超高强度、超强导电性、优异的室温导热和透光性等特点,应用非常广泛,发展前景巨大。作为高性能的新材料,石墨烯未来可被广泛应用于新能源汽车、电子信息、高性能复合材料、生物医药、航空航天等领域。自从2004年被发现以来,在学术界和产业界都引起了广泛的关注和研究。然而,所有应用的实现都是建立在高品质的材料基础上,因此如何解决石墨烯材料的大规模制备以及如何实现和实际应用的紧密结合是需要长期探讨的课题。本论文围绕石墨烯粉体的大规模无损制备,石墨烯在声学领域的应用,以及如何解决铜箔品类在制备大面积石墨烯薄膜的限制等方面展开了一系列研究。本论文的主题包括五部分内容:第一章为绪论部分,这一章主要介绍了石墨烯的基本结构,基本性质,基本类别,表征方法和应用等,并阐述了本论文的选题背景和研究内容;第二章分析了通过正压退火铜箔的方式可以使制备大面积石墨烯的铜箔品类扩大;第三章论述了机械剥离法宏量制备石墨烯的方法,并提出了实现规模化的路径;第四章展示了网格结构石墨烯的制备及其在声学领域的应用;第五章是对现有工作的总结和未来努力方向的展望。第二章至第四章的内容具体如下:第二章:在本章中,我们提出了一种通过正压条件下退火铜箔基底可以使多种铜箔可用于制备大面积石墨烯薄膜的方法。我们的结果显示,正压条件下退火后的铜箔基底,在制备大面积石墨烯薄膜时对正压退火的压强和退火时间比较敏感,而退火的温度、气体比例、温度、生长压强都可以在一个较大范围内调整,普适性比较好。解决了制备大面积铜箔基底石墨烯时铜箔品类受限问题。在这个过程中,我们还通过在PMMA/苯甲醚溶液中加入光刻胶来提高去胶的洁净度;通过磨砂石英管代替光滑石英管提高制备铜基底石墨烯的平整度;通过电脑屏幕膜和塑封机的结合实现大面积石墨烯薄膜的roll-to-roll转移。第三章:在过去的12年间,石墨烯因其许多前所未有的先天特性,在基础科学研究和相关的潜在商业应用方面都引发了极大的关注。为了满足对高质量石墨烯片不断增加的需求,迫切需要开发一种工业规模的、可靠的、环保且低成本的生产工艺。在本章中,我们通过引入一种新颖的磨石研磨剥离工艺,展示了一种尺寸可控的机械解理方法用于大量生产零缺陷少层石墨烯薄片。测试结果表明剥离的石墨烯片没有缺陷。本章提出的这种通过机械解理石墨的工艺方法可实现数百升石墨烯分散液的可控制备,并提出了可以工业化生产的路径。所制备石墨烯薄片的大小可通过调节原始石墨村料的尺寸以及过滤条件来进行控制,这就满足了不同应用领域对石墨烯薄片尺寸的不同需求。第四章:我们利用化学气相沉积法制备了由大量重叠的带状石墨烯组成的编制网格结构石墨烯。结果表明,编制网格结构石墨烯一旦被电场激发便可以发出声音,这种现象可由热声效应来解释。由于石编制网格结构石墨烯单位面积上的超低热容量,这种声源显示出与单层石墨烯高度相似的性能,而且编制网格结构石墨烯可以被置于高孔隙度衬底上,这是单层石墨烯无法实现的,而高空隙度衬底可以降低热损失提高热声效应。通过利用编制网格结构石墨稀的透明性,柔韧性,机械性以及生物相容性,这种声源可以广泛应用于各种场合,在文中我们尝试了在不同衬底上的热声效应。五章:我们对现有工作进行了总结,展望了基于目前工作结果的未来努力方向。
[Abstract]:Graphene is a new kind of carbon material. It is a kind of two-dimensional honeycomb-like single-layer graphite which is composed of carbon atoms. It has the characteristics of ultra-thin, ultra-light, ultra-high strength, ultra-strong conductivity, excellent room temperature thermal conductivity and light transmittance. Graphene is widely used and has great development prospects as a new material with high performance. In the future, it can be widely used in new energy vehicles, electronic information, high performance composite materials, biomedicine, aerospace and other fields. Since its discovery in 2004, it has attracted wide attention and research in academia and industry. However, all applications are based on high-quality materials, so how to solve graphite Large-scale preparation of olefin materials and how to achieve close integration with practical applications are topics that need to be discussed for a long time. This paper focuses on the large-scale non-destructive preparation of graphene powder, the application of graphene in acoustic field, and how to solve the limitations of copper foil in the preparation of large-area graphene films. The topic of this paper includes five parts: the first chapter is the introduction, which mainly introduces the basic structure, basic properties, basic categories, characterization methods and applications of graphene, and expounds the background and research content of this paper; the second chapter analyzes the preparation of large area stone by positive pressure annealing copper foil. Chapter 3 discusses the method of mass production of graphene by mechanical peeling and proposes the path of large-scale production; Chapter 4 shows the preparation of graphene with grid structure and its application in acoustic field; Chapter 5 is a summary of the existing work and prospects for future efforts. Chapter 2: In this chapter, we propose a method to prepare large-area graphene films by annealing copper foil substrate under positive pressure. Our results show that the pressure and pressure of positive pressure annealing on the copper foil substrate annealed under positive pressure during the preparation of large-area graphene films. The annealing time is more sensitive, and the annealing temperature, gas ratio, temperature and growth pressure can be adjusted in a larger range, so the universality is better. In the past 12 years, graphene has been studied in basic science and technology because of its many unprecedented innate characteristics. Potential commercial applications have attracted considerable attention. In order to meet the increasing demand for high-quality graphene sheets, it is urgent to develop an industrial-scale, reliable, environmentally friendly and low-cost production process. In this chapter, we introduce a novel grinding and peeling process to demonstrate a size-controlled process. The mechanical cleavage method is used to mass-produce zero-defect thin-layer graphene sheets.The test results show that the peeled graphene sheets have no defects.The method proposed in this chapter can realize the controllable preparation of hundreds of liters of graphene dispersions by mechanical cleavage of graphene.The route of industrial production is proposed. The size of graphene sheets can be controlled by adjusting the size of the original graphite and the filtration conditions, which can meet the different requirements for the size of graphene sheets in different applications. This phenomenon can be explained by the thermoacoustic effect. Because of the ultra-low heat capacity per unit area of graphene, the sound source exhibits a high degree of similarity to single-layer graphene, and the graphene with lattice structure can be placed in high porosity. On substrates, this is impossible to achieve with a single layer of graphene, and high porosity substrates can reduce heat loss and improve thermoacoustic effects. By using the transparency, flexibility, mechanics and biocompatibility of graphite with grid structure, this kind of sound source can be widely used in various occasions. In this paper, we try to use the thermoacoustic effect on different substrates. Effect. Chapter 5: We summarize the existing work and look forward to the future direction based on the results of the current work.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ127.11

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