两淮矿区表生环境中微量元素的环境生物地球化学研究
发布时间：2018-08-17 12:47
【摘要】：本文以两淮矿区所采集的塌陷塘中水、沉积物和鱼以及土壤、蚯蚓、玉米粒样品为研究对象,通过酸消解、BCR连续提取和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪分析等环境样品分析方法,以及相关性分析、因子分析、聚类分析、线性回归分析和环境风险评价等数据处理方法,对As,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb和Zn等典型微量元素在两淮矿区表生环境中的含量分布、形态特征、来源解析、影响因素以及潜在生态和健康风险进行了研究。主要得到如下结果:(1)揭示了淮南矿区塌陷塘鲫鱼体内不同组织器官中微量元素的含量、富集特征和健康风险等级。研究发现塌陷塘中鲫鱼体内微量元素(As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb和Zn)的含量较对照区较高,受采矿、农业等人为活动影响较高:鲫鱼体内微量元素在不同器官间分布规律为:肝脏鳃皮肤肌肉;鲫鱼体内微量元素主要源自对塌陷塘沉积物的接触和摄入:通过食用塌陷塘内鲫鱼鱼肉所摄入的微量元素对当地居民未造成非致癌健康风险。(2)分析了淮南矿区土壤中威廉环毛蚓体内微量元素(As.Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb和Zn)的含量分布、富集特征、影响因素及与土壤各参数间的相关性。研究表明蚯蚓对土壤中的Cd,Zn和As的富集能力较强;土壤中微量元素的来源是人为活动(矿业活动、农业活动、交通排放等)和自然来源的共同作用;土壤理化性质(pH、有机质、电导率、总钾和总磷)影响蚯蚓对微量元素的吸收与富集;可通过线性回归建立蚯蚓对土壤中Cd,Cu,Pb和Zn元素的富集模型,表明环毛蚓具有作为土壤重金属污染的生物指示器的潜在价值。(3)研究了淮北矿区土壤中微量元素(Co,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb和Zn)的含量、形态特征及影响因素,结合玉米粒中元素含量分析了元素的可移动性和生物可利用性。结果表明土壤中微量元素含量适于作物生长,作物对Cu,Pb和Zn的富集能力较高:土壤样品中Mn,Pb和Zn的可移动形态占较大比例;土壤pH及有机质可影响土壤中元素的形态分布:弱酸提取态和可还原态是玉米植株最易吸收利用的形态;研究区土壤中Pb因其较高可移动性和生物可利用性应引起关注。(4)阐明了淮北矿区塌陷塘沉积物中微量元素(As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb和Zn)的形态特征、来源和生态风险水平。研究发现Cd元素弱酸提取态占总量比例最大,是最易被生物吸收利用的元素;沉积物中除Ni元素为自然来源外,其余元素输入皆受自然来源与人为活动的共同作用,其中As和Cd受农业活动影响,而交通排放对Cr,Cu,Pb和Zn来源有较大贡献;综合三种风险评价结果表明仅Cd元素呈现高风险水平。(5)系统探讨了两淮矿区各环境介质及生物中微量元素的迁移转化规律、生物富集、形态分布特征、输入途径、影响因素和环境风险,建立了两淮矿区表生环境中微量元素的生物地球化学循环模型。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the samples of water, sediment, fish, soil, earthworms and corn grains collected from collapse ponds in Lianghuai mining area were studied. The environmental samples were analyzed by acid digestion BCR continuous extraction and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer analysis. And the data processing methods such as correlation analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, linear regression analysis and environmental risk assessment were used to analyze the content distribution, morphological characteristics and source of typical trace elements such as Aspergillus corifera, Cucrhium crassifolia, Mn-NiPb and Zn in the supergene environment of Lianghuai mining area. The influencing factors and potential ecological and health risks were studied. The main results are as follows: (1) the contents, enrichment characteristics and health risk of trace elements in different tissues and organs of Carassius auratus in collapse pond of Huainan mining area were revealed. It was found that the contents of trace elements (As-CdCU Cr-CuCU NiNiPb and Zn) in the cave-in pond were higher than those in the control area, which were influenced by human activities such as mining and agriculture. The distribution of trace elements in crucian carp in different organs was as follows: liver, Gill, skin and muscle; The trace elements in Carassius auratus mainly come from the contact and ingestion of sediment in the cave-in pond: the trace elements taken in the fish meat of the cave-in pond did not cause non-carcinogenic health risk to the local residents. (2) the soil of Huainan mining area was analyzed. The distribution of trace elements (as. Enrichment characteristics, influencing factors and correlation with soil parameters. The results show that earthworm has strong enrichment ability of CD, Zn and as in soil, trace elements in soil are derived from human activities (mining activities, agricultural activities, traffic discharge, etc.) and natural sources, physical and chemical properties of soil (pH, organic matter, etc.), Electrical conductivity, total potassium and total phosphorus) affect the absorption and enrichment of trace elements by earthworms, and a model for the enrichment of CD, Cu, Pb and Zn elements in soil by earthworms can be established by linear regression. The results indicated that Cycloderma had the potential value as a biological indicator of heavy metal pollution in soil. (3) the contents, morphological characteristics and influencing factors of trace elements (Cochrhium CuMnMnNiPb and Zn) in soil of Huaibei mining area were studied. The mobility and bioavailability of elements were analyzed in combination with the content of elements in corn kernels. The results showed that the content of trace elements in soil was suitable for crop growth, and the enrichment ability of crops to Cu Pb and Zn was higher. The removable forms of mn Pb and Zn in soil samples accounted for a large proportion. Soil pH and organic matter can affect the distribution of elements in the soil. Weak acid extraction and reducible state are the most easily absorbed and utilized forms of maize plants. The Pb in the soil of the study area should be paid attention to because of its high mobility and bioavailability. (4) the morphological characteristics, sources and ecological risk levels of trace elements (Aspergectadecrhium CuCuNiNiPb and Zn) in the sediments of collapse ponds in Huaibei mining area were elucidated. It was found that CD was the most easily bioabsorbed element, and the input of other elements was affected by both natural and anthropogenic activities, except that Ni was a natural source. Among them, as and CD were affected by agricultural activities, while traffic emissions contributed greatly to the source of Cr ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) Pb and Zn. The results of three kinds of risk evaluation show that only CD presents a high risk level. (5) the migration and transformation of trace elements in environmental media and organisms in Lianghuai mining area, bioconcentration, morphological distribution characteristics and input ways are systematically discussed. The biogeochemical cycle model of trace elements in the supergene environment of Lianghuai mining area was established by influencing factors and environmental risks.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X142
本文编号：2187680
[Abstract]:In this paper, the samples of water, sediment, fish, soil, earthworms and corn grains collected from collapse ponds in Lianghuai mining area were studied. The environmental samples were analyzed by acid digestion BCR continuous extraction and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer analysis. And the data processing methods such as correlation analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, linear regression analysis and environmental risk assessment were used to analyze the content distribution, morphological characteristics and source of typical trace elements such as Aspergillus corifera, Cucrhium crassifolia, Mn-NiPb and Zn in the supergene environment of Lianghuai mining area. The influencing factors and potential ecological and health risks were studied. The main results are as follows: (1) the contents, enrichment characteristics and health risk of trace elements in different tissues and organs of Carassius auratus in collapse pond of Huainan mining area were revealed. It was found that the contents of trace elements (As-CdCU Cr-CuCU NiNiPb and Zn) in the cave-in pond were higher than those in the control area, which were influenced by human activities such as mining and agriculture. The distribution of trace elements in crucian carp in different organs was as follows: liver, Gill, skin and muscle; The trace elements in Carassius auratus mainly come from the contact and ingestion of sediment in the cave-in pond: the trace elements taken in the fish meat of the cave-in pond did not cause non-carcinogenic health risk to the local residents. (2) the soil of Huainan mining area was analyzed. The distribution of trace elements (as. Enrichment characteristics, influencing factors and correlation with soil parameters. The results show that earthworm has strong enrichment ability of CD, Zn and as in soil, trace elements in soil are derived from human activities (mining activities, agricultural activities, traffic discharge, etc.) and natural sources, physical and chemical properties of soil (pH, organic matter, etc.), Electrical conductivity, total potassium and total phosphorus) affect the absorption and enrichment of trace elements by earthworms, and a model for the enrichment of CD, Cu, Pb and Zn elements in soil by earthworms can be established by linear regression. The results indicated that Cycloderma had the potential value as a biological indicator of heavy metal pollution in soil. (3) the contents, morphological characteristics and influencing factors of trace elements (Cochrhium CuMnMnNiPb and Zn) in soil of Huaibei mining area were studied. The mobility and bioavailability of elements were analyzed in combination with the content of elements in corn kernels. The results showed that the content of trace elements in soil was suitable for crop growth, and the enrichment ability of crops to Cu Pb and Zn was higher. The removable forms of mn Pb and Zn in soil samples accounted for a large proportion. Soil pH and organic matter can affect the distribution of elements in the soil. Weak acid extraction and reducible state are the most easily absorbed and utilized forms of maize plants. The Pb in the soil of the study area should be paid attention to because of its high mobility and bioavailability. (4) the morphological characteristics, sources and ecological risk levels of trace elements (Aspergectadecrhium CuCuNiNiPb and Zn) in the sediments of collapse ponds in Huaibei mining area were elucidated. It was found that CD was the most easily bioabsorbed element, and the input of other elements was affected by both natural and anthropogenic activities, except that Ni was a natural source. Among them, as and CD were affected by agricultural activities, while traffic emissions contributed greatly to the source of Cr ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) Pb and Zn. The results of three kinds of risk evaluation show that only CD presents a high risk level. (5) the migration and transformation of trace elements in environmental media and organisms in Lianghuai mining area, bioconcentration, morphological distribution characteristics and input ways are systematically discussed. The biogeochemical cycle model of trace elements in the supergene environment of Lianghuai mining area was established by influencing factors and environmental risks.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X142
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